The aim of this study was to evaluate tensile properties low and medium carbon ferrite -martensite dual phase steel, the effect cryogenic treatment at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 ºC) on its properties. Low steel (C12D) steels (C32D & C42D) were used in work. For each grade, five groups specimens prepared according type heat treatment. first group normalized, second normalized subseque...

Although extensive aging and strain (bake hardening, BH) studies have been carried out on dual-phase steels, the behavior of dual matrix structure (DMS) ductile iron (DI), as a potential way to improve its mechanical properties, has not addressed until now. This research was designed study DI with ferrite-martensite structure. DMS-DI martensite volume fraction 30% produced by intercritical aust...

Abstract Heavy plate steels with bainitic microstructures are widely used in industry due to their good combination of strength and toughness. However, obtaining optimal mechanical properties is often challenging the complex multiple phase constitutions caused by different cooling rates through thickness. Here, both conventional advanced microstructural characterization techniques which bridge ...

In this study, fresh attempts have been made to identify and estimate the phase constituents of a high-silicon, medium carbon multiphase steel (DIN 1.5025 grade) subjected austenitization at 900 °C for 5 min, followed by quenching low-temperature bainitizing (Q&B) 350 200 s. Several techniques were employed using different chemical etching reagents either individually (single-step) or in co...

To overcome the trade-off relationship between tensile strength and elongation of dual-phase steels, three exploratory techniques were utilized: Bayesian optimization (BO), BoundLess Objective-free eXploration (BLOX), one-class support vector machine (OCSVM). The BO is an method using Gaussian process regression, BLOX OCSVM are designed for finding out-of-trend materials. Initially, a large num...

This study analyses the effect of martensite grain size and its volume fraction in dual-phase (DP) steel on (1) formability limit, (2) average global behavior under different loading conditions, (3) damage initiation. The virtual RVEs (Representative Volume Elements) were constructed using DREAM.3D software with a variation microstructural attributes. numerical simulations carried out DAMASK, w...

Coarse crystals of martensite can form by the coalescence of thin individual platelets of martensite under appropriate circumstances. Although these coarse grains are essentially single crystals, there exist significant orientation gradients across their dimensions. It is demonstrated that these gradients arise because of the plasticity induced in austenite due to the transformation strain asso...