Ecosystems are linked through the transfer of materials and energy. Studies examining material fluxes across habitat boundaries frequently quantify unidirectional flows of nutrients and energy. However, material fluxes can be multidirectional, and we lack a conceptual framework to describe how their quantity and stoichiometry influence the net transfer of individual elements between ecosystems....

This study presents the investigation of the local entropy generation in compressible flow through a suddenly expanding pipe. Air is used as fluid. The air enters into the pipe with a turbulent profile using 1/7 th power law. The simulations are extended to include different expansion ratios reduced gradually from 5 to 1. To determine the effects of the mass flux, φ′ ′ , the ambient heat transf...

Three-dimensional simulations of condensation of refrigerant R134a in a horizontal minichannel are presented. Mass fluxes ranging from 50 kg m -2 s -1 up to 1000 kg m -2 s -1 are considered in a circular minichannel of 1 mm diameter, and uniform wall and vapour-liquid interface temperatures are imposed as boundary conditions. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used to track the vapour-liquid i...

In the present work, an inverse analysis of combined radiation and laminar forced convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional channel with variable cross sections is performed. The conjugate gradient method is used to find the temperature distribution over the heater surface to satisfy the prescribed temperature and heat flux distributions over the design surface. The fluid is considered to b...

To address the hypothesis that functional changes in tissue transport can be related to structural alterations, we combined mathematical modeling with in vivo experimentation. The model concept includes interstitial diffusion and removal by a distributed microvasculature. Transport of solute and water across the peritoneum is measured via a plastic chamber affixed to the abdominal wall of anest...

A numerical simulation of a liquid overfeed system working with pure refrigerants in steady state conditions has been performed. The global algorithm is based on the sequential resolution of the different elements of the system (compressor, evaporator, condenser, ... ). For each element, a simplified mathematical model based on global balances of mass, momentum and energy is used. For the evapo...

The objective of this study is to find the temperature distribution of a slab as it moves through the pusher-type preheat furnaces. First, the imaginary planes method (IPM) as a new and applicable method for calculation of radiation heat transfer in industrial furnaces is studied, and the two-dimensional form of this method is used to calculate heat flux and temperature distribution in the furn...