René Descartes proposed an interactive dualism that posits an interaction between the mind of a human being and some of the matter located in his or her brain. Isaac Newton subsequently formulated a physical theory based exclusively on the material/physical part of Descartes’ ontology. Newton’s theory enforced the principle of the causal closure of the physical, and the classical physics that g...

Although it is only in recent decades that scholars have begun to reconsider and problematize Buddhist conceptions of “freedom” and “agency,” the thought traditions of Asian Buddhism have for many centuries struggled with questions related to the issue of “liberation”—along with its fundamental ontological, epistemological and ethical implications. With the development of Marxist thought in the...

I have been as puzzled about this comment as Zavadsky was about my writings. What I was puzzled about was, which of my ideas or concepts were considered by Zavadsky to be so close to those of the dialectical materialists. I have been wondering about this for the past 30 years and I think I have gradually come close to an answer. In this I have been helped by a number of publications, particular...

In this paper, by analyzing the Chalmers-Searle debate about Chalmers’ zombie thought experiment, I attempt to determine the implications that the irreducibility of consciousness has for the truth of materialism. While Chalmers claims that the irreducibility of consciousness forces us to embrace dualism, Searle claims that it has no deep metaphysical im­ port and, in particular, that it is full...

The millennial generation is creative, innovative, and cares about sustainability. However, compared to the previous generations, they are most consumptive. This study investigates their materialism effect on adaptation green values, involvement in environmental sustainability, behavior of buying products. research was conducted using a survey method 312 respondents Jakarta, Indonesia. model pr...