Despite progress made in tuberculosis control worldwide, the disease burden and treatment outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients have remained virtually unchanged. In 2016, the World Health Organization released new guidelines for the management of MDR-TB. The guidelines are intended to improve detection rate and treatment outcome for MDR-TB through novel, rapid molecular...

Background Maternal death is a key qualitative reliable index of a nation’s economic development. The present research aims to investigate causes of maternal mortality in Iran. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the following databases led us to find the target articles: Medline (via PubMed), Science Direct, CINAHL, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Web of Science, SID, ISC, Magiran, and Goog...

Background: Maternal mortality ratio in Ecuador is the only millennium goal on which national agencies are still making strong efforts to reach 2015 target. The purpose of the study was to process national maternal death databases to identify a specific association pattern of variable included in the death certificate. Design and methods: The study processed mortality databases published yearly...

Conventional cancer chemotherapy is seriously limited by tumor cells exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR), caused by changes in the level or activity of membrane transporters that mediate energy-dependent drug efflux and of other proteins that affect drug metabolism and/or drug action. Many inhibitors of MDR transporters have been identified and some are undergoing clinical trials, but current...

AIM To determine the frequency of near-miss (severe acute maternal morbidity) and the nature of near-miss events, and comparatively analysed near-miss morbidities and maternal deaths among pregnant women managed over a 3-year period in a Nigerian tertiary centre. METHODS Retrospective facility-based review of cases of near-miss and maternal death which occurred between 1 January 2002 and 31 D...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is often characterized by the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a 170-kd ATP-dependent drug efflux protein. As well as effluxing xenotoxins, functional P-gp can confer resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by a range of different stimuli, including Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor, UV irradiation, and serum starvation. However, P-gp-positive cells rema...