Background: Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) is induced in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, and a maturation stimulus is added to the monocyte culture to obtain mature Dendritic Cells (DCs) suitable for therapy. TNF-α is the most common cytokine used for activating DCs and generating mature MDDC either alone or in combination with other cytokines. Objective: To compare effe...

Caspian kutum fish (Rutilus frisii) wild broodstocks were caught by gillnet during their upstream migration and subjected to short-time confinement stress and their physiological responses have been examined. Thirty fish (average weight of 1217.6 g) were divided into three experimental groups CO (control), OV (ovaprim) and CO+OV (cortisol+ovaprim) and placed into rearing tanks (10 fish tank-1; ...

Betta fish are freshwater ornamental that very popular and have quite high economic value, but the reproductive process still depends on spawning season, so an increase in potential is needed. The experiment was conducted order to determine role of each induction Oocite development (Oodev) hormone diet betta female final maturation morphology gonads. Completely randomized design (CRD) with one ...

Four types of chemosignal donors were used: adult intact males, grouped adult intact females, pregnant females and lactating females. A daily dose of 0.001 ml urine was sufficient to produce the same degree of acceleration or delay known to occur with whole urine from each donor type. With 0.00001 ml the age of puberty did not differ from that of water-treated controls for any of the treatments...

From a review of some aspects of epididymal structure, function and research done largely in my research area over the last 50 years, I conclude that more is known than is understood of sperm maturation and storage in the epididymis. Highly qualified technicians have not always applied sophisticated modern techniques in well-considered experiments to physiologically relevant and properly-prepar...

Introduction: In vitro maturation and development of immature oocytes, as an artificial reproduction technique, is useful especially in women who are affected by cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite using many types of in vitro media, an appropriate environment has not been reported yet. Present study was designed to assess the effect of heated human follicular fluid (hHFF), which is s...

Back ground: Candida albicans is a member of the normal human microflora. C. albicans cell wall is composed of several protein and carbohydrate components which have been shown to play a crucial role in C. albicans interaction with the host immune system. Major components of C. albican cell wall are carbohydrates such as mannans, β glucans and chitins, and proteins that partially modulate the h...

  Background : Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a complicated kidney problem causing permanent renal failure in progressive stages. The final stage of CKD is called ESRD in which most accepted management is Hemodialysis (HD). Arterio-Venus Fistula (AVF) is the most practical way of making proper access to the blood circulatory system however, maturation of the AVF is a challenge, since there are...