The size-dependent bending modulus of nanotubes, which was widely observed in most existing three-point bending experiments [e.g., J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 4618-4625 (2013)], has been tacitly assumed to originate from the shear effect. In this paper, taking boron nitride nanotubes as an example, we directly measured the shear effect by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and found that the shear e...

BACKGROUND Pathologies of the muscles can manifest different physiological and functional changes. To adapt treatment, it is necessary to characterize the elastic property (shear modulus) of single muscles. Previous studies have used magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a technique based on MRI technology, to analyze the mechanical behavior of healthy and pathological muscles. The purpose of ...

A B S T R A C T We report the rheological properties of a new azobenzene side chain liquid crystal polymer (SCLCP) with photo-responsive behavior in the range of 0ºC to 50ºC as probed by small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheometry with in situ UV irradiation. In the linear viscoelastic (LVE) strain regime, temperature sweeps measured G' and G " from 80°C to-5°C and identified glass trans...

We show experimentally that the sliding friction on sand is greatly reduced by the addition of some-but not too much-water. The formation of capillary water bridges increases the shear modulus of the sand, which facilitates the sliding. Too much water, on the other hand, makes the capillary bridges coalesce, resulting in a decrease of the modulus; in this case, we observe that the friction coef...

We have measured the frequency-dependent shear modulus of entangled solutions of wormlike micelles by high-frequency microrheology and have compared the results with those from macrorheology experiments done on the same samples. Using optical microrheology based on laser interferometry we have measured loss and storage moduli over six decades in frequency up to about 100 kHz. We present data ov...

The elastic shear modulus of monodisperse emulsions is shown to exhibit a universal dependence on droplet volume fraction f when scaled by the Laplace pressure of the droplets, increasing as fsf 2 fcd, where fc ø 0.635, the value of random close packing of solid spheres. Surprisingly the osmotic pressure required to compress the emulsions to increase f is nearly the same as the shear modulus ov...

Oscillatory measurements of a columnar structure were performed, which was formed in an immiscible polymer blend subjected to an electric field. The formation process was observed through a confocal scanning laser microscope and the structure for the measurements was confirmed to be well defined. The storage shear modulus at low frequencies increased with increasing the electric field. A linear...

In the electronics industry epoxy molding compounds, underfills and adhesives are used for the packaging of electronic components. These materials are applied in liquid form, cured at elevated temperatures and then cooled down to room temperature. During these processing steps residual stresses are built up resulting from both cure and thermal shrinkage. These residual stresses add up to the st...

BACKGROUND Altered muscle activation during pain is thought to redistribute stress within muscles and ultimately decrease the load on painful structures. However, change in muscle stress during pain has not been directly tested. The aim of the present study is to determine whether stress within muscle tissue is reduced during local acute experimental pain. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten participants...

The material behavior of ligament is determined by its constituents, their organization and their interaction with each other. To elucidate the origins of the multiaxial material behavior of ligaments, we investigated ligament response to shear loading under both quasi-static and rate-dependent loading conditions. Stress relaxation tests demonstrated that the tissue was highly viscoelastic in s...