The ankle medial clear space (MCS) is frequently measured to evaluate ankle stability after an injury. However, controversy exists regarding a threshold size that distinguishes a normal MCS from an abnormal MCS. A retrospective radiographic review of mortise ankle radiographs in the uninjured ankle was performed, with the goal of defining the relationship among patient height, sex, and radiogra...

The role of retinal microglial cells (MCs) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. Here we demonstrated that all retinal MCs express CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and that homozygosity for the CX3CR1 M280 allele, which is associated with impaired cell migration, increases the risk of AMD. In humans with AMD, MCs accumulated in the subretinal space at sites of retinal degenera...

Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) has been widely used for the uncertainty propagations of building simulation tools. In general, most unknown inputs for the MCS are regarded as single probability distributions based on experts’ subjective judgements and assumptions, when simulation information and measured data are inaccurate and insufficient. However, this can lead to meaningless and untrustworthy...

In a previous paper, we proposed a first formal and conceptual comparison between the two most important formalizations of context in AI: Propositional Logic of Context (PLC) and Local Models Semantics/MultiContext Systems (LMS/MCS). The result was that LMS/MCS is at least as general as PLC, as it can be embedded into a particular class of MCS, called MPLC. In this paper we go beyond that resul...

The vanilloid receptor (TRPV1 or VR1), widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, is activated by a broad range of chemicals similar to those implicated in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) Syndrome. The vanilloid receptor is reportedly hyperresponsive in MCS and can increase nitric oxide levels and stimulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, both of which a...

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings followed by histochemical staining and single-cell RT-PCR were obtained from 180 Martinotti interneurones located in layers II to VI of the somatosensory cortex of Wistar rats (P13-P16) in order to examine their anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular properties. Martinotti cells (MCs) mostly displayed ovoid-shaped somata, bitufted dendritic morphologies...

In this study, we propose a novel markerless motion capture system (MCS) for monkeys, in which 3D surface images of monkeys were reconstructed by integrating data from four depth cameras, and a skeleton model of the monkey was fitted onto 3D images of monkeys in each frame of the video. To validate the MCS, first, estimated 3D positions of body parts were compared between the 3D MCS-assisted es...

BACKGROUND There are conflicting results regarding the role of periendothelial mural cells in angiogenesis. In the current study, we investigated the role of mesangial cells (MCs) in endothelial vascularization by using a three-dimensional co-culture system in basement-membrane reconstruct gel (Matrigel). METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) and human MCs were used. In the con...

BACKGROUND Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by reports of recurrent symptoms in response to low level exposure to various chemical substances. Recent findings suggests that dysregulation of the immune system may play a role in MCS pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine baseline and low dose n-butanol-induced upper airway inflam...

RATIONALE Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its complication pulmonary embolism have high morbidity reducing quality of life and leading to death. Cellular mechanisms of DVT initiation remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of mast cells (MCs) in DVT initiation and validate MCs as a potential target for DVT prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS In a mouse model, DVT was ...