BACKGROUND Environmental tobacco smoke has been blamed for approximately 40,000 excess deaths from heart disease annually in the United States. As yet, no pathophysiological process that could be responsible for these deaths has been identified. Environmental tobacco smoke is composed mainly of aged and diluted sidestream smoke but also contains 15% to 20% exhaled mainstream smoke. Carcinogens,...

PURPOSE Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies propose a link between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and emphysema, demonstrated by increased ER stress markers under smoking conditions. Here, we investigate whether cigarette smoke-induced ER stress is cell specific and correlates with acute and ...

The chance of developing lung cancer is increased through being exposed to cigarette smoke illustrated by studies. It is vital to understand the development of particular histologic-type cancers regarding the deposition of carcinogenic particles, which are present in human airway. In this paper, the mass transfer and deposition of cigarette smoke, inside the human airway, are investigated apply...

Tobacco smoking has devastating effects on health. The smoke damages the lungs, resulting in a diminished ability of oxygen to enter the body. Smoke long enough and eventually you will get emphysema. Various chemicals in smoke enhance the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), leading to strokes and heart attacks. One of tobacco’s chemicals, nicotine, acts directly on the b...

When a fire occurs, minimum detection latency is crucial to minimizing damage and saving lives. Current smoke sensors inherently suffer from the transport delay of the smoke from the fire to the sensor. A video smoke detection system would not have this delay. Further, video is a volume sensor, not a point sensor. A point sensor looks at a point in space. That point may not be affected by smoke...

Introduction Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of the harmful gases, vapours, and particulate matter contained in smoke. Smoke inhalation typically occurs in victims of fire caught in structural fires. People trapped in fire may suffer from inhalation independent of receiving skin burns. However, the incidence of smoke inhalation increases with the percentage of total body surface burned.1 I...

The medicinal uses of local flora from the Callejón de Huaylas, Department of Ancash, northeastern Perú, are reported. This geographical area has an old tradition of herbal healing. A total of 33 species have been documented through interactions with village elders, traditional doctors and herbalists. Of the 33 medicinal plant species surveyed in the Callejón de Huaylas, six have not been previ...

BACKGROUND The development of whole smoke exposure systems have been driven by the fact that traditional smoke exposure techniques are based on the particulate phase of tobacco smoke and not the complete smoke aerosol. To overcome these challenges in this study, we used a Vitrocell® VC 10 whole smoke exposure system. For characterisation purposes, we determined smoke deposition in relationship ...

BACKGROUND Wood smoke inhalation causes severe ventilation and oxygenation abnormalities. We hypothesized that smoke inhalation would cause lung injury by 2 mechanisms: (1) direct tissue injury by the toxic chemicals in the smoke and (2) a mechanical shear-stress injury caused by alveolar instability (ie, alveolar recruitment/derecruitment). We further postulated that alveolar instability would...

Introduction: Tobacco smoke is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases in different body systems. Saliva is the first body fluid that confront inhaled cigarette smoke which is injurious to the oral cavity and is associated with several oral diseases and cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the activity of alpha-amylase in the saliva of healthy smoker...