In longitudinal studies, changes in participants’ cognitive performances can partly be attributed to variations in the testing situation (testing specific factors), such as, different test administrators or different testing environments. Focusing on test administrator influence, testing specific factors were examined in a Swedish longitudinal study of ageing. Test scores from 6,686 examination...

Retrieval enhances long-term retention. However, reactivation of a memory also renders it susceptible to modifications as shown by studies on memory reconsolidation. The present study explored whether retrieval diminishes or enhances subsequent retroactive interference (RI) and intrusions. Participants learned a list of objects. Two days later, they were either asked to recall the objects, give...

the aim of the study was to find whether there is an association between subjective memory complaint and memory impairment and probable underlying psychological conditions. a total of 90 patients with subjective memory complaint enrolled in this study. short history and demographic information were obtained and then the patients underwent memory and mental health assessments, using wechsler mem...

The act of retrieving information modifies memory in critical ways. In particular, testing-effect studies have demonstrated that retrieval practice (compared to restudy or to no testing) benefits long-term retention and protects from retroactive interference. Although such testing effects have previously been demonstrated in both between- and within-subjects manipulations of retrieval practice,...