Recently, a rising interest is given to neuroimmune communication in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Meningeal immunity complex immune environment housing different types of cells. Here, we focus on meningeal T cells, possibly the most explored aspect neuro-immune cell interactions. Emerging data have shown that cells play crucial role pathogenesis several neurodegenerative diso...

BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP-3 ), a member of the insulin-like growth factor mRNA-binding protein family, is expressed in several human malignancies, including melanomas. However, the expression of IMP-3 has not been explored in melanoma in situ, various histologic subtypes of invasive melanomas and atypical Spitz tumors. METHODS IMP-3 immunostain was p...

Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer type, is responsible for 75% of skin cancer related deaths worldwide. Given that New Zealand (NZ) has the world's highest melanoma incidence, we sought to determine the frequency of mutations in NZ melanomas in recurrently mutated genes. NZ melanomas were from localities distributed between North (35°S-42°S) and South Islands (41°S-47°S). A total of 529...

The mast cells participate in inflammation and possibly in carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to study mast cells in melanocytic lesions. The material consisted of 24 pigmented nevi, 18 dysplastic nevi and 19 melanomas. The sections were stained immunohistochemically for tryptase and chymase. Positive cells were counted inside the lesions and at the interface between the lesion and dermis...

The objective of this study was to characterize and differentiate vascular patterns of choroidal melanomas and choroidal metastases by color flow mapping (CFM). We conducted a retrospective chart study on CFM findings in 18 patients with choroidal melanomas and 10 patients with choroidal metastases. We evaluated the possibilities of applying CFM to identify hypo- versus hyper-vascularity within...

BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma arising from different body compartments may be associated with differing aetiological factors and clinical behaviour, and may manifest diverse molecular genetic profiles. Although many studies have focused on cutaneous melanoma, little is known of mucosal and other types of melanoma. In particular, malignant melanoma of soft parts is different from other melanomas...

This study investigated time trends and latitude differentials in the thickness distributions of invasive melanomas diagnosed in Australia between 1990 and 2006 using data from population-based cancer registries. Trends in incidence rates were calculated by sex, age group, thickness, year at diagnosis and latitude. For thin (<1.00 mm) melanomas the increase was very pronounced during the early ...

Cutaneous malignant melanomas with histologic evidence of an associated nevus (N+) may have a different risk factor profile from that of melanomas without it (N-). To address this question, a case-only analysis of 932 people with cutaneous malignant melanoma was done to identify etiologic and other factors associated with N+ melanoma. Evidence of an associated nevus was found in 36% of melanoma...

Melanomas are often easy to recognize clinically but determining whether a melanoma is in situ (MIS) or invasive more challenging even with the aid of dermoscopy. During past five years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have made significant and rapid advances within dermatology image analysis. The aims this investigation were create de novo CNN for differentiating between MIS melanomas bas...

BACKGROUND Although the majority of melanomas demonstrate high rates of mutations in B-RAF or N-RAS that result in constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-signaling pathway, emerging data suggest molecular differences among melanoma subtypes. In this study, the authors evaluated the contribution of B-RAF and N-RAS mutations to the pathogenesis of Spitzoid melanomas. ME...