ketab-ol-ein, which was written by ahmad farahidi, is one of the oldest dictionaries that exist today. in the preliminary discussion we mentioned that, although historical sources show that the work of ibn abbas looks like a dictionary, it is becoming accepted that ketab-ol-ein is the first dictionary. the article starts with explanations about the life and work of khalilibn ahmad. we have also...

Objective: to describe the challenges and strategies for implementation of Family-centered Care in the in the care of newborns hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit from the perspective of nurses. Methods: qualitative study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital. Fourteen nurses were interviewed. We used the technique of thematic content analysis. Results the main ...

An 88-year-old woman with advanced Parkinson's disease (stage V on the Yahr scale) had difficulty in expectoration and underwent tracheostomy in 1999. In July 2004, granulation tissue was formed in the tracheal lumen at the tip of the tracheostomy tube, and a standard type silicone T-tube was inserted. Thereafter, she was cared for at home, where she was doing well until early March 2009, when ...

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to...

Endobronchial metastasis secondary to osteosarcoma is distinctly rare. 2 We report a young man with metastatic osteosarcoma who presented with position-dependent dyspnoea. A CT scan of the chest showed a soft tissue mass that originated from the left lung, causing significant volume loss of the left lung, extended through the left main bronchus and projected to the trachea (fig 1A,B). Bronchosc...

Ebola virus disease is the important emerging disease in Africa. This infection is deadly and has the main clinical feature as an acute hemorrhagic fever. The main hematological alteration in this infection is the platelet change. However, the change in other hematological parameters should be mentioned. 

Aspiration of tracheobronchial foreign bodies commonly affects young children, is potentially life threatening and requires early intervention for extraction. Access to facilities and skill manpower for bronchoscopic extraction is however limited in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to describe the experience in our institution with bronchoscopic removal of tracheobronchial foreign bodies and h...