It has been shown that the best explanation for the formation of the tachocline is that of magnetic nature. We present here the first simulations of the solar tachocline, which self-consistently include the meridional circulation. We show that the meridional circulations significantly change the shape and the characteristics of the tachocline. We find that after the inclusion of the meridional ...

Ulysses measurements have confirmed that there is no significant gradient with respect to heliomagnetic latitude in the radial component, Br , of the interplanetary magnetic field. There are two processes responsible for this observation. In the corona, the plasma β is 1, except directly above streamers, so both longitudinal and latitudinal (meridional) gradients in field strength will relax, d...

The incorporation of local temperature and salinity observations from the Rapid Climate Change– Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID–MOCHA), as well as the cable estimates of volume transport in the Florida Current (FC), is tested in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean–Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (ECCO–GODAE) estimation system for their ...

The Cassini measurements of C2H2 and C2H6 at ∼5 mbar provide a constraint on meridional transport in the stratosphere of Jupiter. We performed a two-dimensional photochemical calculation coupled with mass transport due to vertical and meridional mixing. The modeled profile of C2H2 at latitudes less than 70 follows the latitude dependence of the solar insolation, while that of C2H6 shows little ...

We investigated to what extent the isentropic, non-geostrophic formulation of zonally averaged circulation derived for stratospheric conditions is applicable to climatological transport in the extratropical troposphere and lower stratosphere. The study is based on 10 years of daily data of ECMWF analysis and on the ECHAM3 climate model of the German Climate Computing Centre. The main result is ...

The vertical motion field in the thermosphere is calculated from the continuity equation. This calculation ik based on a field of horizontal winds and an intermediate model of the thermospheric temperature field consistent with the density structure inferred from satellite drag data. The vertical motion consists of a component due to rise and fall of constant pressure surfaces and a component d...

The meridional transport in the Pacific Ocean subtropical cell is studied for the period from 2004 to 2011 using gridded Argo temperature and salinity profiles and atmospheric reanalysis surface winds. The poleward Ekman and equatorward geostrophic branches of the subtropical cell exhibit an El Ni~ no–Southern Oscillation signature with strong meridional transport occurring during La Ni~ na and...

Satellite altimetry and high-resolution ocean models indicate that the Southern Ocean is comprised of an intricate web of narrow, meandering jets that undergo spontaneous formation, merger and splitting events, and rapid latitude shifts over periods of weeks to months. The role of topography in controlling jet variability is explored using over 100 simulations from a doubly-periodic, forced-dis...

As in the midlatitude atmosphere, midocean eddies are primarily generated by baroclinically unstable mean currents. In contrast to the atmosphere, however, oceanic currents are significantly nonzonal. Even weak nonzonal currents are linearly unstable since does not suppress growing meridional waves. Theories for the nonlinear equilibration of baroclinic instability, and hence theories for the a...

The annular mode simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model with a zonally symmetric lower boundary is investigated. The annular mode, defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the zonal-mean surface pressure, has a meridional structure consisting of a north–south dipole, similar to observations. The leading EOF of the zonally varying surface pressure has the same...