In plants, growth of roots and root hairs is regulated by the fine cellular control of pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS). MES, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid as one of the Good's buffers has broadly been used for buffering medium, and it is thought to suit for plant growth with the concentration at 0.1% (w/v) because the buffer capacity of MES ranging pH 5.5-7.0 (for Arabidopsis, pH 5.8...

In mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, ubiquitylation of histone H2A lysine 119 represses a large number of developmental genes and maintains mES cell pluripotency. It has been suggested that a number of H2A ubiquitin ligases as well as deubiquitylases and related peptide fragments contribute to a delicate balance between self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation in mES cells. Here, we teste...

Metabolic syndrome (MeS) has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) is a co-repressor of tumor suppressor genes that is activated by low NAD+/NADH ratio. High fat diet (HFD) increases intracellular NADH. We investigated the effect of CtBP1 hyperactivation by HFD intake on mouse breast carcinogenesis. We generated a MeS-like disease in female mic...

background: behçet’s disease (bd) is a multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology, and vasculitis being its major pathological feature. objectives: we studied the prevalence of microembolic signals (mes) in patients with diagnosis behçet's disease. we also tried to determine the frequency of mes in bd patients with or without neurological involvement. materials and methods: ...

The UMTS 3G system (3 rd generation cellular system) is designed to offer a packet switched mode for data transfers in parallel to a circuit switched mode. This feature was planned since the beginning of 3G studies, contrary to 2G ones (such as the GSM system). To provide reliable data transfers, protocols implementing ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) techniques are needed. In UMTS, up to three A...