Minsky’s influential work on financial fragility grows out of a recognition of the pivotal role financial markets and institutions play in converting liquid general claims to undifferentiated output into illiquid, risky, long-lived investment projects. This process requires savers, investors and intermediaries to value the prospective profit of particular investments in historically unique circ...

islamic jurisprudence is the root of the islamic laws including economic law and it is the very pillar of islamic economic system. the law and economics are two branches of human sciences that were not separate before the 18th century. by development of scientific methodology and its prevailing over economics, gradually economics became a distinguished science without being concerned about the ...

The analysis of markets with indivisible goods and fixed exogenous prices has played an important role in economic models, especially in relation to wage rigidity and unemployment. This paper provides a novel mathematical programming based approach to study pure exchange economies where discrete amounts of commodities are exchanged at fixed prices. Barter processes, consisting in sequences of e...