Moffat, Atchison, and Pope, 2002 use magnetic resonance micro-imaging to assess the age-related changes in refractive index of the human crystalline lens in vitro. Precise comparisons of the isoindical maps of crystalline lenses (as limited by the resolution of theMRI technique) require that the lenses must be oriented so that their geometric centers and all of their geometric axes coincide. Th...

Delivery systems with a solid dispersed phase can be produced in a melt emulsification process. For this, dispersed particles are melted, disrupted, and crystallized in a liquid continuous phase (melt emulsification). Different to bulk crystallization, droplets in oil-in-water emulsions show individual crystallization behavior, which differs from droplet to droplet. Therefore, emulsion droplets...

Carbohydrate researchers may think it is reasonable to believe that the synthesis and structure of a crystalline b-1,4 glucan would be quite straightforward; however, this is not the case. The pitfalls and detours of research have been counterbalanced by exciting new discoveries in cellulose structure, biosynthesis, and molecular biology. Cellulose exists in crystalline and noncrystalline state...

Bismuth telluride (Bi(2)Te(3)) and its alloys are the best bulk thermoelectric materials known today. In addition, stacked quasi-two-dimensional (2D) layers of Bi(2)Te(3) were recently identified as promising topological insulators. In this Letter we describe a method for "graphene-inspired" exfoliation of crystalline bismuth telluride films with a thickness of a few atoms. The atomically thin ...

Periwinkle alkaloids in very low concentrations cause an intracytoplasmic sequestration of microtubule protein in the form of symmetrical, microtubular bodies. These crystals, which may measure up to 8 micro in length, appear within 30 min in L-strain fibroblasts in vitro, but they increase in incidence and size with time of exposure to the alkaloids. Similarly, if exposed to these compounds, h...

Micro-patterned Ni thin films with well-defined 2D-structures are useful to examine electrochemical reaction kinetics of SOFC anodes. In this work, an electrode preparation method is developed yielding stable Ni pattern electrodes on YSZ, which facilitate long term measurements. Moreover, these stable electrodes allowed investigating the effect of the YSZ substrate orientation on the polarizati...

Micro hotlm shear-stress sensors have been developed by using surface micromachining techniques. The sensor consists of a suspended silicon-nitride diaphragm located on top of a vacuum-sealed cavity. A heating and heat-sensing element, made of poly-crystalline silicon material, resides on top of the diaphragm. The underlying vacuum cavity greatly reduces conductive heat loss to the substrate an...