Background: The increasing use of telecommunication devices such as Wi-Fi modems and mobile phones in the recent years can change the cellular structure of microorganisms so the generation of electromagnetic waves has led to concern in the community whenever be exposed to these fields and may have harmful effects on human health.Material and Methods: Standard strains of bacteria were prepared o...

The occurrence of foodborne disease remains a widespread problem in both the developing and the developed world. A systematic and quantitative evaluation of food safety is important to control the risk of foodborne diseases. World-wide, many initiatives are being taken to develop quantitative risk analysis. However, the quantitative evaluation of food safety in all its aspects is very complex, ...

background : microbial monitoring of aquatic sources is essential in the correct management of these vital sources. multiple tube fermentation (mtf) technique is currently used for assessment of the microbial quality of water sources. however, today enzymatic assay has been presented as an alternative approach for detecting indicator bacteria. the purpose of this study was to compare enzymatic ...