Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can result in rare opportunistic infections occurring in humans. The onset of these infections is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Sexual transmission is responsible for the majority of infections 1, resulting in transmission of HIV due to infected semen or vaginal and cervical secretions containing infected lymphocytes...

A potential strategy that can be used to combat the worldwide AIDS epidemic is the development of a vaginal microbicide that prevents the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Certain CC chemokines, including RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, might facilitate the development of such microbicides since they potently suppress HIV-1 infection by binding to CCR5, the ...

OBJECTIVE Local estrogens are used for the treatment of genitourinary symptoms of menopause. The efficacy and adverse effects of both estrogen-containing vaginal tablets (VT) and estrogen-containing vaginal creams (VC)/gels are comparable. Our objective was to assess the compliance and adherence to treatment in a large population. METHODS A retrospective study on women aged 40 to 89 was perfo...

These data demonstrate that tolerance can be induced by vaginal Ag exposure. In these experiments, mice were given vaginal agarose gel suppositories containing either 5 mg OVA or saline for 6 h. Mice were given suppositories either during the estrous (estrogen dominant) or diestrous (progesterone dominant) stage of the estrous cycle. Mice were restrained during the inoculation period to prevent...

The vagina provides a promising site for local effect as well as systemic drug delivery because of its large surface area, rich blood supply, avoidance of the first-pass effect, relatively high permeability to many drugs and self-insertion. The pharmaceuticals currently used for vaginal delivery includes those that provide protection against viral infections, including Acquired Immune Deficienc...

In this study, a bioadhesive dosage form of clotrimazole was designed using a combination of bioadhesive polymers Carbopol 934P, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate in different ratios. The bioadhesive strength was evaluated by measuring the force required to detach the tablets from porcine vaginal mucosal membrane. The strong interaction between polymer and mucus lining of the t...

Drug administration via mucosal membranes, including the vaginal, has the advantage of by passing the hepatogastrointestinal first pass metabolism associated with oral administration. Metronidazole suppositories were prepared using different suppository bases viz., water soluble bases ( PEGs and gelatin ) emulsion and fatty bases. The physicochemical properties of most of the prepared MTZ suppo...

METHOD(S) : In our tertiary referral hospital, 25 mg vaginal misoprostol 6 hourly for a maximum of five doses and 50 μg oral misoprostol 6 hourly for a maximum of five doses were compared with 0.5mg intracervical dinoprostone gel 12 hourly for a maximum of three doses for induction of labor at term in 150 women in three groups of 50 each. Number of vaginal deliveries achieved, induction to vagi...