In this research, novel functionally graded Ni-P coating was deposited with electroless process. The content of phosphorus was controlled to change gradual through the thickness of the coating. During the plating, bath temperature and pH were changed at specified intervals to obtain functionally graded structure. To compare the properties of functionally graded coating with Ni-P single-layer co...

Researchers and practitioners have long utilized a variety of penetrometers to investigate the snowpack. Identifying definitive relationships between penetrometer-derived microstructural information and stability has been challenging. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1. We propose a simple field test that can be implemented by the scientific community to establish relationships between lo...

Glasses containing various amounts of aluminum and fluorin were crystallized by the heat treatment. Bending strengths of the crystallized glasses were measured, the crystalline phases were identified by X-ray diffraction method, and the microstructures were examined by electrommicroscopy. The relation between the microstructure and the bending strength was studied. The results obtained are summ...

The Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA) is of major importance for the design and improvement of forging processes. In this field, FEA is traditionally used to predict die fill, residual stresses and forming forces. The intention of the work presented in this paper is the development of an advanced simulation model for the description of phase transformation processes in forging dies based on FEA. Th...

The phase behaviour of colloidal dispersions is interesting for fundamental reasons and for technological applications such as photonic crystals and electronic paper. Sedimentation, which in everyday life is relevant from blood analysis to the shelf life of paint, is a means to determine phase boundaries by observing distinct layers in samples that are in sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium. Ho...

The limiting velocity in open channels to prevent long-term sedimentation is predicted in this paper using a powerful soft computing technique known as Extreme Learning Machines (ELM). The ELM is a single Layer Feed-forward Neural Network (SLFNN) with a high level of training speed. The dimensionless parameter of limiting velocity which is known as the densimetric Froude number (Fr) is predicte...

INTRODUCTION Insight into the microstructure of fetal membrane and its response to deformation is important for understanding causes of preterm premature rupture of the membrane. However, the microstructure of fetal membranes under deformation has not been visualized yet. Second harmonic generation microscopy, combined with an in-situ stretching device, can provide this valuable information. ...

Gastropod shells are important antipredator structures that vary morphologically in response to predation risk, often increasing in thickness when the risk of predation is greater. Because the shell is composed of different microstructures that vary in energetic cost and strength, shell thickness may be increased in different ways. We tested whether the common intertidal snail Nucella lapillus ...

OBJECTIVE To perform a histological study describing the microstructure of the ligamentum teres of the hip, with special emphasis on the presence of nerve bundles. Our study aims to correlate the microstructure of the ligamentum teres with its postulated functions, allowing greater understanding of its role within the hip joint. METHODS Fresh specimens excised intra-operatively in 11 patients...