The Ytterby mine, Sweden, is known for the discovery of eight elements, including yttrium and five of the rare earth elements (REE). The mine was in operation from 1750 to 1933 and was after closure used as a storage depot for fuel from the 1950s to 1995. A tunnel was opened in the 1950s through the bedrock into the mine to allow access to the storage depot. Recent water monitoring campaigns (2...

The closure of surface mines is a complex framework characterized by extended reclamations post-mining sites towards an environmentally friendly and sustainable land-use system development with beneficial returns to society the economy. paper demonstrates critical mine problem, draws research questions, introduces IDEF0 (Integrated DEFinition Function) process modelling method as low-cost easy ...

this paper estimates the effects of increase in iran’s non-oil exports on its economic growth as well as sectoral outputs, using a single country, comparative static, exogenous policy computable general equilibrium (cge) model. the paper also investigates the share of tradable sectors in reaching to the targeted growth rate (8%) in 5th socio-economic development plan. for this purpose, the para...