water injection is an enhanced oil recovery method which is applied for number of reservoirs especially in the offshore fields around the world. sea-water injection process is usually associated with important concerns affecting the efficiency, safety, and economy of the operation like formation damage, mineral scaling, early breakthrough and corrosion. incompatibility between injected and form...

The topical challenge for the Polish, European, and global fertilizer industry is to produce sufficient nutrients growing plants using more energy-efficient environmentally friendly methods. appropriate course of action, in terms challenges posed, could be production liquid fertilizers, made from waste materials that exhibit properties. This solution makes it possible not only reduce exploitati...

The major "benefit" alleged to accrue from transpiration (the evaporative loss of water from plant surfaces) is that it is essential for the long-distance transport of mineral ions, but the possible interrelation between these two processes has rarely been tested. Transpiration was experimentally dissociated from mineral supply by growing sunflowers (Helianthus anuus) in hydroculture and provid...

the water and waste-water industry, as an infrastructure industry, has wide interactions with the public by having more than 20 million subscribers (27 million units). one of these interactions is the collection of debt considering the nature of the obligation sales and service rendered. collection of debt and the costs imposed as a result of the qualitative and quantitative services offered to...

The microbiological quality of five brands of carbonated and non-carbonated mineral water sold in Poland was studied. The study was carried out on the survival of heterotrophic bacteria at 22 and 37 degrees C (pour plate technique) in the samples of mineral waters stored at 4 and 22 degrees C. The one hundred ten bottles (twenty two bottles of each of the five brands) of carbonated and uncarbon...

AIMS Osteoarthritis is the most degenerative joint disease. The aim was to investigate the effects of ultrasound using mineral water or aqua sonic gel on severity of knee pain, measured by the visual analog scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty women with bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee were assigned to two groups: u...

background and objectives: availability and uptake of mineral by explants are recognized as being important in tissue culture. the limiting factor for maximum mineral uptake and optimum growth is that minerals are not enough available to the explants. there are the inter-relationships between plant growth, mineral uptake, medium water potential, and mineral movement through the medium. plantlet...

We validated whole body composition estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) against estimates from a four-component model to determine whether accuracy is affected by gender, race, athletic status, or musculoskeletal development in young adults. Measurements of body density by hydrostatic weighing, body water by deuterium dilution, and bone mineral by whole body DEXA were obtaine...