Reflective learning has been established as a process that deepens learning in both educational and work-related settings. We present a literature review on various approaches and tools (e.g., prompts, journals, visuals) providing guidance for facilitating reflective learning. Research considered in this review coincides common understanding of reflective learning, has applied and evaluated a t...

A descriptor is presented for characterizing local image patches in a scale invariant manner. The descriptor is biologically-plausible in that the necessary computations are simple and local. Two different methods for robot visual homing based on this descriptor are also presented and tested. The first method utilizes the common technique of corresponding descriptors between images. The second ...

The article builds a competitive model of the incumbent and later entrant, considering the case of single-homing andmultihoming. Results show that the conditions that later entrant platform profits exceed incumbent platform are the same underthe case of single homing and multihoming. At the same time, the later entrant should turn to charge rather than subsidizingenterprise when two platforms g...

INTRODUCTION It had been shown (Matthews, 19516) that reasonably accurate orientation and homing could be obtained with young pigeons after a minimal training up to 25 miles. Recently Kramer & St Paul (1952) and Kramer (1953) have obtained similar results with older pigeons trained up to 10 miles only. Training thus appeared to be rather less essential than had been supposed, and to investigate...

Flocking behavior is very common in nature, and there have been ongoing research efforts to simulate such behavior in computer animations and robotics applications. Generally, such work considers behaviors that can be determined independently by each flock member solely by observing its local environment, e.g., the speed and direction of its neighboring flock members. Since flock members are no...

We used a geolocation method based on tidal amplitude and water depth to assess the horizontal movements of 14 cod Gadus morhua equipped with time-depth recorders (TDR) in the North Sea and English Channel. Tracks ranged from 40 to 468 d and showed horizontal movements of up to 455 km and periods of continuous localised residence of up to 360 d. Cod spent time both in midwater (43% of total tim...

First, what do we mean by intelligence? this is a slippery issue, as any psychology student will tell you it is more than just complex behavior many complex behaviors among animals do not impress us as particularly intelligent for example, we don’t think that homing pigeons are particularly smart, in spite of their ability to find their way home from distant, unknown places presumably, intellig...