Although striated muscles differ in mitochondrial content, the extent of fiber-type specific mitochondrial specializations is not well known. To address this issue, we compared mitochondrial structural and functional properties in red muscle (RM), white muscle (WM), and cardiac muscle of rainbow trout. Overall preservation of the basic relationships between oxidative phosphorylation complexes a...

In recent years, various large-scale proteomic studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial proteins are highly acylated, most commonly by addition of acetyl and succinyl groups. These acyl modifications may be enzyme catalysed but can also be driven non-enzymatically. The latter mechanism is promoted in mitochondria due to the nature of the mitochondrial microenvironment, which is alkaline and...

The maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is dependent upon several nuclear gene-encoded proteins including enzymes forming the replisome needed to synthesise mtDNA. These need be present in balanced quantities function properly. In addition, mtDNA synthesis requires a supply nucleotides that achieved by nucleoside recycling inside mitochondria, and nucleotide import from cytosol. Mitochondr...

mitochondria to generate ATP at rates sufficient to meet the energetic demands of tissues. Metabolic regulation of enzymes allows cells to use the existing pool of mitochondria to match energy production to energy demand, even under rapidly changing conditions. Cells can regulate energetics by altering the structural architecture of mitochondria, such as the dynamics of the mitochondrial reticu...

Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a nuclear-encoded iron-sequestering protein that specifically localizes in mitochondria. In mice it is highly expressed in cells characterized by high-energy consumption, while is undetectable in iron storage tissues like liver and spleen. FtMt expression in mammalian cells was shown to cause a shift of iron from cytosol to mitochondria, and in yeast it rescued ...

The overall aim of this study was to (1) evaluate the adaptive value of mitochondrial DNA by comparing mitochondrial performance in populations possessing different haplotypes and distribution, and to (2) evaluate the sensitivity of different enzymes of the electron transport system (ETS) during temperature-induced changes. We measured the impact of temperature of mitochondrial respiration and ...

Chess DJ, Khairallah RJ, O’Shea KM, Xu W, Stanley WC. A high-fat diet increases adiposity but maintains mitochondrial oxidative enzymes without affecting development of heart failure with pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H1585–H1593, 2009. First published September 18, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00599.2009.—A high-fat diet can increase adiposity, leptin secretion, and pla...

BACKGROUND The branched chain alcohol isobutanol exhibits superior physicochemical properties as an alternative biofuel. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae naturally produces low amounts of isobutanol as a by-product during fermentations, resulting from the catabolism of valine. As S. cerevisiae is widely used in industrial applications and can easily be modified by genetic engineering, this mi...

Preparations enriched with plasmalemmal, outer mitochondrial, or Golgi complex membranes from rat liver were subfractionated by isopycnic centrifugation, without or after treatment with digitonin, to establish the subcellular distribution of a variety of enzymes. The typical plasmalemmal enzymes 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, and alkaline phosphatase were markedly shifted by dig...

It has been reported that high-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meals increase oxidative stress and inflammation. We examined whether repeated intake of excess energy in the form of HFHC meals alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial proteins in mononuclear cells, and to determine whether this is associated with insulin resi...