In recent decades, research utilizing numerical schemes dealing with fluid and nanoparticle interaction has been relatively intensive. It is known that CuO nanofluid a volume fraction of 0.1 special thermal boundary condition heat supplied to part the wall increases average Nusselt number for different aspect ratios ranges high Rayleigh numbers. Due its simplicity, stability, accuracy, efficien...

A hierarchy of hydrodynamical instabilities controlling the transfer of buoyancy through the oceanic mixed layer is reviewed. If a resting ocean of horizontally uniform stratification is subject to spatially uniform buoyancy loss at the sea surface, then gravitational instability ensues in which buoyancy is drawn from depth by upright convection. But if spatial inhomogeneities in the ambient st...