Proxy Mobile IPv6 outperforms previous mobility protocols have been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force. However, Proxy Mobile IPv6 still involves the triangle routing problem in where data packets for the mobile node are delivered throughout inefficient routing paths. To address the triangle routing problem, two different Route Optimization schemes proposed that exclude the ine...

This paper addresses the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP) handover using bicasting in mobile/wireless networks. The bicasting scheme can be used to support the PMIP handover, which tends to waste the network resources of wireless links and incurs data losses during handover. We propose an enhanced scheme of PMIP handover, called the partial bicasting with buffering for PMIP (PBB-PMIP). In the PBB-PMIP ...

Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a promising protocol for supporting mobility. Unlike Mobile IPv6, which is based on hostmobility, the Proxy Mobile IPv6 is based on network-based mobility so that it can remove additional implementations on a Mobile Node (MN). Due to this feature, Proxy Mobile IPv6 has been considered as a better protocol than Mobile IPv6 in supporting mobility. However, PMIPv6 still has a ...

Localization technology is an important support technology for WSN(Wireless Sensor Networks). The centroid algorithm is a typical range-free localization algorithm, which possesses the advantages such as simple localization principle and easy realization. However, susceptible to be influenced by the density of anchor node and uniformity of deployment, its localization accuracy is not high. We s...

Sensor’s position is extremely crucial for the configuration and applications of wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, a novel range-free and distributed localization (THCRL) algorithm was proposed for WSN based on the two-hop connection relationship of a node. In THCRL algorithm, the information of one-hop and two-hop anchor nodes is firstly collected by an unknown node through broadca...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), even when used outdoors, have limitations in localization accuracy due to multipath reflections from nearby buildings, trees, and other obstructions. The result is localization performance is significantly degraded or inconsistent, requiring expensive and/or time consuming techniques to minimize these effects. The system under development requires qui...

In recent years, wireless sensor network had been more and more widely used in our daily life, and with the proposed of Monte Carlo localization (MCL) algorithm, node localization of the mobile wireless sensor network had been solved effectively. But it needed to have a large number of samples if it used the Monte Carlo localization algorithm to obtain a high positioning accuracy. This paper pr...

The sensor location information is necessary for the application in wireless sensor network. It is useful to position the unknown node by studying the movement mode of anchor node in the network. This paper proposed a Monte Carlo based localization algorithm. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm decreases the node location error of prediction.

Location information plays an important role in most of the applications Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Recently, many localization techniques have been proposed, while these deals with two Dimensional applications. Whereas, Three task is complex and there are large variations altitude levels. In 3D environments, sensors placed mountains for tracking deployed air monitoring pollution level. For...

We propose a range-free localization algorithm for a wireless ad-hoc network utilizing the hopcount metric’s ability to indicate proximity to anchors (i.e., nodes with known positions). In traditional sense, hop-count generally means the number of intermediate routers a datagram has to go through between its source and the destination node. We analytically show that hop-count could be used to i...