There are a variety of specifications and metadata standards used to describe learning contents. A learning content, along with the file containing the descriptive metadata, constitutes the learning object. Learning objects can be stored in a repository and used in the process of teaching and learning. The heterogeneity of metadata standards used to describe learning objects creates difficultie...

lular radio networks is expected to become a critical part of future wireless operators’ service offerings [1]. However, because mobility is an essential characteristic of cellular networks, operators are faced with a confusing array of choices for how to architect such a network. The Internet Engineering Task Force’s (IETF’s) Mobile IP protocol [2] provides a standard solution for wide-area mo...

We drew on institutional and learning theories to develop a research model assessing how organizations influence standards deployment and integration by creating institutional pressures and learning opportunities. We also examined how standards deployment and integration differentially influenced operational and strategic benefits. Survey data was collected from organizations in China who have ...

The majority of the existing research regarding mobile learning in computing education has primarily focused on studying the effectiveness of, and in some cases reporting about, implemented mobile learning solutions. However, it is equally important to explore development and application perspectives on the integration of mobile learning into computing education and identify practical implicati...

This study attempted to evaluate and compare language learning apps and the related traditional books on the same subject. The apps included Murphy’s English Grammar and Cambridge Discovery Readers and the traditional materials were English Grammar in Use and Developing Reading Skills. The study, thus, aimed to do a comparative analysis between traditional ELT materials and the digital versions...

Utilizing the location-awareness of mobile devices in developing innovative mobile application system has attracted much attention of academic researchers and commercial application developers. Location-based mobile learning systems have taken the advantage of the mobile devices to enhance learner’s interaction with the learning context. This paper presents the 5R adaptation framework for locat...

United States and European safety standards have evolved to protect workers near Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGV's). However, performance standards for AGV's and mobile robots have only recently begun development. Lessons can be learned from research and standards efforts for mobile robots applied to emergency response and military applications. Research challenges, tests and evaluations, and pr...

Instructional designers and educators recognize the potential of mobile technologies as a learning tool for students and have incorporated them into the distance learning environment. However, little research has been done to categorize the numerous examples of mobile learning in the context of distance education, and few instructional design guidelines based on a solid theoretical framework fo...