This paper sets out to examine the current vocabulary teaching and learning strategies based on research studies. It first reviews the historical development of vocabulary status in the ELT pedagogy. It then analyses the current vocabulary teaching and learning strategies by considering the strengths and weaknesses of the contextual and de-contextual perspectives of getting access to and retain...

background: self-esteem is essential for clinical judgments. nursing students in clinical environments should make a bridge between theoretical education and clinical function. this study was aimed to survey the effect of guided questioning in peer groups on nursing students’ self-esteem and clinical learning. materials and methods: in this quasi-experimental study, all nursing students in seme...

This paper gives a sharp lower bound on the spectral radius ρ(A) of a reciprocal Perron–Frobenius matrix A ∈ M2g(Z), and shows in particular that ρ(A) ≥ (3 + √ 5)/2. This bound supports conjectures on the minimal entropy of pseudo-Anosov maps. The proof is based on a study of the curve complex of a directed graph.

We present two hierarchies of partial differential equations in $2+1$ dimensions. Since there exist reciprocal transformations that connect these to the Calogero-Bogoyavlenski-Schiff equation and its modified version, we can prove one be considered as a version other. The connection between them achieved by means combination Miura transformations.

This paper consists of main two sections. In the first section, we prove a common fixed point theorem in modified intuitionistic fuzzy metric space by combining the ideas of pointwise R-weak commutativity and reciprocal continuity of mappings satisfying contractive conditions. In the second section, we prove common fixed point theorems in modified intuitionistic fuzzy metric space from the clas...