The cupola is a furnace used for melting steel scrap, cast iron scrap, and ferroalloys to produce cast iron. Its main energy source is coal coke. It is one of the oldest methods of producing cast iron, and it remains the dominate method because of its simplicity and low fuel cost. Cupolas range in size from 18 inches to 13 feet in diameter, and can produce up to 100 tons per hour of cast iron. ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of two types of iron pots on haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) concentrations in young children (6-24 months), adolescent girls (11-15 years) and women of reproductive age (15-44 years), whose households were provided with iron pots for cooking food over a period of 6 months, compared with controls. DESIGN AND METHODS We randomly assigned 161 households...

The objective of this study was to assess the association of markers in the calpastatin and mu-calpain loci with iron in beef cattle muscle. The population consisted of 259 cross-bred steers from Beefmaster, Brangus, Bonsmara, Romosinuano, Hereford and Angus sires. Total iron and heme iron concentrations were measured. Markers in the calpastatin (referred to as CAST) and mu-calpain (referred to...

Test samples of grey and compacted graphite cast irons with pearlitic matrix were shotpeened to different surface conditions using twelve different combinations of shot size, peening intensity and peening coverage percentage. Relatively high surface compressive residual stresses varying between 245 to 565 MPa were observed and the compressive residual stresses reached a depth between 280 μm and...

Abstract In this research, ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) was used to produce a new ultrafine grade of spheroidal graphite cast iron (SG iron) and austempered ductile (ADI) alloys. Ultrasonic numerically simulated evaluated based on acoustic wave streaming. The simulation results revealed that the streaming waves propagated as stream jet in molten SG along centerline source (sonotrode) with ma...

the influence of aluminium on the microstructure of austempered ductile cast iron (adi) has been studied. anumber of irons of different compositions have been made by green sand casting and gravity die casting ofappropriate design to provide the experimental materials. austenitising was carried out at different temperaturesand holding times for a variety of experimental irons to achieve suffici...

The biological insertion of iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S) involves the interaction of (metallo) chaperons with a partly folded target polypeptide. In this respect, the study of nonnative protein conformations in iron-sulfur proteins is relevant for the understanding of the folding process and cofactor assembly. We have investigated the formation of a molten globule state in the [3Fe4S][4Fe4S] fer...