Extended Hollo-Bolts (EHBs) are blind bolts that have an extended bolt shank ending in anchor nut. When used with concrete-filled tubes, the extension and concrete serve to enhance significantly performance of both connection components: tension tube face bending. The enhancements a result confining concrete, preventing local buckling steel allowing achieve tensile strength equal standard bolt+...

Timber-based hybrid structures provide a prospective solution for utilizing environmentally friendly timber material in the construction of midrise or high-rise structures. This study mainly focuses on structural damage evaluation type timber–steel structure that incorporates prefabricated light wood-frame shear walls into steel moment-resisting frames (SMRFs). The such was evaluated through sh...

Hybrid moment frame come together with reinforced concrete columns with structural steel beams (RCS). This Composite system provides several key advantages over current steel or concrete moment resisting frame. Past studies have shown this system to be efficient in both design and building stage while able to keep sufficient strength and necessary ductility in seismic zone.Although past researc...

When we must depend on a system, not only should we want it to resist attacks but we should have reason to believe that it will resist attacks. So security is a blend of two ingredients: mechanism and assurance. In developing a secure system, it is tempting to focus first on mechanism—the familiar “build then test” paradigm from software development. This note discusses some benefits of resisti...

following the 1994 northridge and 1995 kobe earthquakes, most of modern structures damaged seriously or devastated totally despite the seismic codes of these countries that had been expected to bear advanced criteria for seismic design of structures. after extensive research, the most probable reason of those destructions was attributed to special specifications of near-field earthquakes. in th...

the nonlinear static procedures (nsps) proposed by design codes do not lead to reliable results especially for tall buildings. they generally provide inconsistent estimates of inelastic seismic demands, especially for the top floors due to their inabilities in considering the higher modes effects. in this paper, a new enhanced pushover procedure is proposed which is based on the envelope of the...