â â  a great portion of precipitation in the south western iran falls in the snow formation. surface runoff produced from melting snow has an important role in the recharging ground water, surface and subsurface flows. rapid snowmelt can even cause flooding . since the snowmelt cannot be easily detected from optical satellite images, snow cover area (sca) is derived as an important hydrological...

Dear Editor, Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a syndrome characterized by sudden-onset transient amnesia that is not associated with other neurological deficits.1 Although the exact pathophysiology is not completely understood, emotional stress, physical exertion, temperature change, and sexual intercourse are common precipitating events of TGA.2 Keret et al.3 recently hypothesized that the in...

Quality control procedures are indispensable to ensure the reliability of the results provided by laboratories responsible for serological screening in blood banks. International recommendations on systems of quality management classify as a top component the inclusion of two types of control: (a) internal quality control (IQC) and (b) external quality control (EQC). In EQC it is essential to h...

Although short-rotation woody crop biomass production technology has demonstrated a promising potential to supply feedstocks for bioenergy production, the water and nutrient processes in the woody crop planation ecosystem are poorly understood. In this study, a computer model was developed to estimate the dynamics of water and nitrogen (N) species (e.g., NH-N, NO-N, particulate organic N, and s...

Surface skin temperature observations (Tskin), as obtained by satellite remote sensing, provide useful climatological information of high spatial resolution and global coverage that enhances the traditional ground observations of surface air temperature (Tair) and so, reveal new information about land surface characteristics. This letter analyzes nine years of moderate-resolution imaging spectr...

Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in optimal tilt angle of a solar collector relative to a horizontal position assists in maximizing its performance for energy collection depending on changes in time and space. In this study, optimal tilt angles were quantified for solar collectors based on the monthly global and diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface across Turkey. The datas...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested seasonal variations in rates of spontaneous rupture of intracranial aneurysms, leading to potentially devastating SAH. In an effort to identify a seasonal effect, variation in SAH incidence and in-hospital mortality rates were examined as they relate to admission month, temperature, and climate using HCUP's Nationwide Inpatient Sample. MA...

Tropospheric scintillation is caused by variations of refractive index due to turbulence. The only meteorological input parameter for two common current scintillation models by Karasawa et al. and by ITU-R is the monthly average of wet part of refractivity Nwet at ground level, which is not directly associated with turbulence. The diurnal correlation betweenNwet and scintillation variance is ve...

Abdominal tergal scale pattern variations of Aedes aegypti were studied in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand for specimens reared from eggs laid in ovitraps set monthly both indoors and outdoors in urban and rural areas. The populations predominantly consisted of the dark type form, regardless of macrohabitats (urban vs. rural), microhabitats (indoor vs. outdoor) or seasons (dry vs. rainy). Among 6...

A cloud-detection method was used to retrieve cloudy pixels from Meteosat images. High spatial resolution (one pixel), monthly averaged cloud-cover distribution was obtained for a 1-year period. The seasonal cycle of cloud amount was analyzed. Cloud parameters obtained include the total cloud amount and the percentage of occurrence of clouds at three altitudes. Hourly variations of cloud cover ...