Long-term outdoor localization remains challenging due to the high energy profiles of GPS modules. Duty cycling the GPS module combined with inertial sensors can improve energy consumption. However, inertial sensors that are kept active all the time can also drain mobile node batteries. This paper proposes duty cycling strategies for inertial sensors to maintain a target position accuracy and n...

Physicians' daily work is accompanied by emotional and physical stress, and 24-h shifts are considered to be a major stressor. Effects of stressors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can be evaluated by estimating the glucocorticoid excretion in urine samples. We characterized the impact of a 24-h working period on the urinary glucocorticoid excretion of physicians and focused on ...

(ABSTRACT) In order to save energy consumption in idle states, low duty-cycled operation is widely used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where each node periodically switches between sleeping mode and awake mode. Although efficient toward saving energy, duty-cycling causes many challenges , such as difficulty in neighbor discovery due to asynchronous wakeup/sleep scheduling, time-varying tra...

Whereas previous emission limit values could be met by primary engine control measures, the limits for PM and NOx from heavy duty engines in 2008/09 (Euro V) and diesel passenger cars in 2014/15 (Euro 6) represent a challenge for the developers of diesel engines and vehicles. Due to the thermodynamics of the Diesel combustion process, it is difficult to optimise the combustion process for both ...

Psychologists may struggle with what to do when counselling recalcitrant HIV-positive clients who refuse to disclose to third parties at risk. This paper revisits the legal and ethical quagmire that pits "dangerous patient exception" against client confidentiality rights. W i t h the notion that hope leads to more ethical behaviour, this paper further elucidates the significance of maintaining ...

An important aspect of health professional's duty of care is to advise patients of the available options of treatment so that the patient can choose the form of treatment that suits her or his requirements. As CAM becomes more evidence-based and accepted, medical doctors need to consider the extent to which they should provide patients with information about those types of treatments. If a CAM ...

DC drives are still very important, especially for low voltages and low power (e.g. in cars and robots). In this paper a converter is analyzed, which makes it possible to control the voltage across the machine (and therefore the speed) from zero to more than two times the input voltage with a nonlinear, flat dependence at low duty cycles. This enables one to achieve high torque at low speeds wi...

Using the optimization criteria, called “Polarization Transformation Efficiency” (PTE), we have obtained the optimum operating voltages that enable to realize perfect dark and bright states in RTN-LCDs with phase compensators between the polarizer and LC cell. The delicate analysis showed, that if the PTE parameter is close to 1 a 700:1 duty ratio of RSTN-LCD with phase compensators having an a...

the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil fascilitated holding directors liable for corporate debt. nevertheless, the doctrine is not a seperate cause of action. directors are bound by fiduciary duty, duty of loyalty and duty of care and skill to the corporation and its shareholders. however, there is not such a contractual relationship between directors and creditors. thus, requiring directo...