The effect of hypericin on the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was investigated and compared with the effect of the synthetic antidepressants. The CPP paradigms took place over six days using an unbiased procedure. The results demonstrate that intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of morphine sulfate (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/Kg) significantly induce the CPP in rat. Intra-pe...

BACKGROUND Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) has promising preclinical characteristics and encouraging pharmacokinetic features for acute nociceptive pain. Early studies have produced a good safety profile when compared to morphine sulfate, although in surrogate pain models studies, a mixed picture emerged. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile in a clinical setting was designed. MET...

BACKGROUND A cardioprotective role of morphine acting via opioid receptors has been demonstrated, and previous preclinical studies have reported that morphine could reduce reperfusion injury and myocardial infarct size in a way similar to that of ischemic periconditioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intracoronary morphine on myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation ...

Introduction: It has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. In the present study the role of NMDA receptors located in hippocampal CA1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. Methods: Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 area. After 5 days recovery, a...

Many physicians, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), and registered nurses have the clinical impression that either morphine sulfate or meperidine hydrochloride is a better drug to control postoperative pain. In this study, we evaluated pain relief and side effects for these two drugs to assess their potential differences. CRNAs conducted a structured interview of 500 female patien...

Introduction: There are evidences showing the role of nitric oxide in the opiate reward properties. The role of nitric oxide signaling pathway as an intracellular mechanism on augmentation of long term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 area of rats is also confirmed. It has been also reported that oral morphine dependence facilitates formation of spatial learning and memory via activation of NMDA...

CASE DESCRIPTION A 41-year-old African-American woman was admitted to an inpatient hospice facility with advanced, inoperable cervical cancer. The patient was experiencing severe pain secondary to extensive local tumor invasion, osseous pelvic metastases, and sacral decubitus ulcers. Her pain was treated with an escalating-dose schedule of morphine sulfate until satisfactory analgesia was achie...

BACKGROUND Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is a major dose limiting side effect and thus effective therapeutic strategy is required. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effect of memantine and morphine on a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were used in all experiments. Rats subsequently receiv...

BACKGROUND Transforaminal epidural steroid injections are known to reduce inflammation by inhibiting synthesis of various proinflammatory mediators and have been used increasingly. The anti-inflammatory properties of opioids are not as fully understood but apparently involve antagonism sensory neuron excitability and pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. To date, no studies have addressed the ...

Peripherally delivered opiates attenuate mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in experimental models of inflammation, suggesting that activation of peripheral opioid receptors decreases the excitability of nociceptors in inflamed tissues. The current study examines the effects of peripheral morphine sulfate on response properties of sensory neurons in healthy and inflamed skin. Afferent units (1...