La Paz is a beautiful Andean city surrounded by glaciers of the Eastern Mountain Range of the Andes. Among these, the Illimani stands out as handsome and majestic-Apu[1] is the guardian of its inhabitants and of the smaller mountains that surround it. More than two million inhabitants take shelter in this scene of urban valleys and the altiplano: La Paz and El Alto are two cities with intense h...

In recent years, the nature of the complex interactions between the solid earth and the overlying atmosphere has been the subject of much debate (England and Molnar 1990; Whipple et al. 1999; Braun et al. 1999). Does erosion play an important role in the dynamics of mountain building? Is there a strong feedback into the balance of forces at the crustal scale from mass transport by erosional and...

In this paper, we discuss and critique existing hypotheses about the geology of Middle-earth in light of current geological theories of planetary formation, mountain building (orogeny) and plate tectonics. We dispute the prevailing tectonic explanation for the major geological features of Middle-earth and Arda on the basis of evidence as yet not fully considered about the formation of the plane...

1 University of Wales, Bangor School of Informatics Bangor (Gwynedd) LL57 1UT, Wales E-mail: [email protected] 2 Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies 600-700 Mountain Ave. Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA E-mail: [email protected] 3 Communication Networks Research Institute Dublin Institute of Technology Rathmines Road Dublin 6, Ireland 4 Department of Mathematics Northeastern Un...

Superficial and bottom sediment samples from 83 European mountain lakes, ranging from Norway to the Pyrenees and East Europe, were tested for estrogenic compounds by the recombinant yeast assay. The results showed widespread potential estrogenic activity arriving at remote lakes. Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) and Scotland Highlands were the regions with the highest prevalence of lakes with high es...

INTRODUCTION Affective responses during physical activity (PA) are important for engagement in PA programs and for adherence to a physically active lifestyle. Little is known about the affective responses to PA bouts lasting longer than 45 minutes. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to analyse acute effects on affective responses of a three-hour outdoor PA intervention (mountain hiki...

Wildlife managers need reliable methods to estimate large carnivore densities and population trends; yet large carnivores are elusive, difficult to detect, and occur at low densities making traditional approaches intractable. Recent advances in spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have provided new approaches for monitoring trends in wildlife abundance and these methods are particularly appli...

Human activity has spread trace amounts of chemically stable endocrine-disrupting pollutants throughout the biosphere. These compounds have generated a background level of estrogenic activity that needs to be assessed. Fish are adequate sentinels for feminization effects as male specimens are more sensitive than humans to exogenous estrogenic compounds. High mountain lakes, the most distant env...

Tectonic processes are major factors controlling landform development in tectonically active areas. In order to evaluate quantitative measurement of tectonic activities in the Alamarvdasht basin in the south of Iran, six different morphological indices including stream-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), valley floor width-valley height ratio (Vf), dra...