In this article we present a Bayesian Markov model for investigating environmental spread processes. We formulate a model where the spread of a disease over a heterogeneous landscape through time is represented as a probabilistic function of two processes: local diffusion and random-jump dispersal. This formulation represents two mechanisms of spread which result in highly peaked and long-taile...

Ecosystem services are important foundations to realize the sustainable development of economy and society. The question of how to quantitatively evaluate ecosystem services in a scientific way is a hot topic among international researchers. Studying the spatial characteristics of ecosystem services in arid regions can provide the theoretical and practical basis for coordinating a sustainable m...

In national conservation plans, it is necessary to comparatively assess species pools of different regions and monitor their changes over time. Two specific problems arise: i) species diversity must be standardized per area, because regions differ in size, and ii) the diversity measure should take into account how common or rare the species are on the regional scale. We used the rarefaction met...

This article analyzes the results of research conducted by scientists in study plants region. Taking into account laws distribution regions, dominant desert, hill, mountain and pasture regions South Uzbekistan are given an ecological phytocenotic description. In particular, expedition to distributed each region, experimental highlighted. According it, information on Latin name plants, status, a...

A new data set from the Health Care Financing Administration gives estimates of state spending for hospital care, physician services, and retail purchases of prescription drugs, which together account for 70 percent of health expenditures nationwide. Analysis of these data, which are the first uniform state data to be produced for nearly ten years, shows considerable variation among states and ...

A significant reduction in precipitation in the past decades has been documented over many mountain ranges such as those in central and eastern China. Consistent with the increase of air pollution in these regions, it has been argued that the precipitation trend is linked to the aerosol microphysical effect on suppressing warm rain. Rigorous quantitative investigations on the reasons responsibl...

Ice-core records show that climate changes in the past have been large, rapid, and synchronous over broad areas extending into low latitudes, with less variability over historical times. These ice-core records come from high mountain glaciers and the polar regions, including small ice caps and the large ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.

Aim Comparison of Epipedobates bassleri (Myers, 1987), which occurs on highaltitude mountain ridges (‘sky peninsulas’) in the Andean transition zone and demonstrates high levels of divergence in colouration among populations, and Epipedobates hahneli (Schulte, 1999), which occurs throughout the lowland regions of the Amazon basin and is morphologically conserved, using phylogenetic analysis of ...

In 1990, state health departments reported 649 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) to CDC, a 7.6% increase from the 603 cases reported in 1989. The incidence rate was 0.26 per 100,000 persons. Of the 649 cases, 292 (45.0%) and 101 (15.6%) were reported from the South Atlantic and the West South Central regions, respectively.

Mountainous regions are globally important, in part because they support large populations and biodiverse. They also characterized by enhanced vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures sensitivity climate change. This importance necessitates the development of a global reference network long-term environmental socioeconomic monitoring—mountain observatories. At present, monitoring is limited une...