Space-time spectral analysis methods and their applications to large-scale atmospheric waves are reviewed. Space-time spectral analysis resolves transient waves into eastward and westward moving components and is mathematically analogous to rotary spectral analysis which resolves twodimensional velocity vectors into clockwise and anticlockwise components. Space-time spectral analysis can also r...

[1] The Princeton Ocean Model is used to study the circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) and its seasonal transition. Kuroshio enters (leaves) the SCS through the southern (northern) portion of the Luzon Strait. The annually averaged net volume flux through the Luzon Strait is 2 Sv into the SCS with seasonal reversals. The inflow season is from May to January with the maximum intrusion of Ku...

Volume 1, The Earth system: physical and chemical dimensions of global environmental change, pp 557–579 Ocean circulation is one of the major elements of climate, moving heat, freshwater, nutrients and dissolved gases. Ocean circulation at the largest spatial scales and long time scales contains many elements that are in common in the different oceans. Understanding the processes that drive the...

Revisit several existing traffic control algorithms and analyze their efficiency. Simplify the traffic model for better understanding of efficiency. Every vehicle travels eastward or southward only. Result: Efficiency largely depends on the length of a longest route and the number of cars.

Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, is reported for the first time in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. This parasite may be spreading eastward because the population of foxes has increased as a consequence of human interventions, and this spread may result in the emergence of alveolar echinococcosis in Central Eastern Europe.

Jet lag and shift lag have similar physiological consequences, but shift lag is a more complex problem. The most severe desynchronization may be experienced by airline personnel making transmeridian flights. Coping strategies for eastward and westward travelers and for shiftworkers are recommended, as are interventions involving melatonin.