The Mobile Payload Element (MPE) is designed to be a small, autonomous and innovative rover of ~15kg for planetary exploration. Its novel capability is to acquire clearly documented samples from surface as well as subsurface locations, and to bring them back to its lander for further analyses. Although the ESA Lunar Lander served as reference scenario for the MPE development, it is compatible t...

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships describe the quantitative relationships between the drug-induced effects and the concurrent corresponding drug concentrations in an individual. Since a long time, rough qualitative relationships have been described between neurological presentation and plasma ethanol concentration in acute ethanol ingestion. However, to date, precise quantit...

In addition to computing the posterior distributions for hidden variables in Bayesian networks, one other important inference task is to find the most probable explanation (MPE). MPE provides the most likely configurations to explain away the evidence and helps to manage hypotheses for decision making. In recent years, researchers have proposed a few methods to find the MPE for discrete Bayesia...

results the duration of surgery and fetus delivery was significantly lower in ml than pk technique (p = 0.000). analgesic use during the post-operative period was significantly lower in ml than pk (p < 0.001). there were no significant statistical differences between the groups in regards to drop of the hematocrit (p = 0.32), fever (p = 0.056) and bowel transit time (p = 1.000). the mean apgar ...

AIM To examine whether strict control of clinical trial conditions could reduce apparent differences of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters among ethnic groups. METHODS Open-label, single dose PK studies of moxifloxacin, simvastatin and meloxicam were conducted in healthy male subjects from three East Asian populations (Japanese, Chinese and Koreans) and one Caucasian population as a control. The...

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is an evolving imaging technique that provides a quantitative measure of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in body tissues, in which series of T1-weighted images are collected following the administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent. Unfortunately, in many applications, conventional clinical DCEMRI suffers from low spatiotemporal resolution and insufficien...

the development of combination therapy is a coherent approach in severe pain treatment. the present study investigated the antinociceptive effect of pregabalin alone and in combination with tramadol in acute pain modeling. therefore, three groups of male mice received either pregabalin (1 to 400 mg/kg), tramadol (10 to 80 mg/kg) or their combination intraperitoneally. then latency time, maximum...

Accurate pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in prostate cancer (PCa) requires knowledge of the concentration time course of the contrast agent in the feeding vasculature, the so-called arterial input function (AIF). The purpose of this study was to compare AIF choice in differentiating peripheral zone PCa from non-neoplastic prostatic tissue (NNPT), using P...

Mathematical models are frequently used to help understand the PK of drugs following intravenous (i.v.) and oral dosing in animals and humans. Models describing other routes of administration, e.g., transdermal delivery of drugs across skin, are also available.1 These models are often used to describe the relationship between the plasma or relevant tissue concentration of the drug and time and ...