objective: the beneficial effects of clove on toothache have been well documented. we have also previously shown the analgesic effects of clove essential oil. the present work was done to investigate the analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of clove using hot plate test. the possible role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effects of clove was also investigated using naloxone. materials a...

background and objectives: the magnetotactic bacterium magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense (msr-1) mineralizes the magnetite (fe3 o4) crystals and organizes a highly ordered intracellular structure, called the magnetosome. iron transport system supports the biogenesis of magnetite. although iron is an essential trace element for many metabolic pathways of the body, increase or decrease in iron wil...

objective(s) quinazolinones are heterocyclic components (able to form cyclized compounds) which have several medical effects such as anti-malarial, spasmolytic, anti-microbial, sedative, etc. they are also known for their fungicidal properties, inhibition of tyrosine-kinase and dna repair enzyme poly (adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) and are also effective in treatment of cancer, diabetes, and par...

introduction: topiramate is a newly anti-convulsant drug, which acts as nmda glutamate receptor antagonist as well as the gabab receptor agonist. it is used for physical dependence to opioids as well as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and ecstasy dependence. in the present study attempts were made to further identification of the effects of topiramate on the acquisition and expression of morphine-in...

background: diagnostic models are frequently used to assess the role of risk factors on disease complications, and therefore to avoid them. missing data is an issue that challenges the model making. the aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic model to predict death in hiv/ aids patients when missing data exist. methods: hiv patients (n=1460) referred to voluntary consoling and testing cen...

background: regarding the prevalence of epilepsy in human society and with respect to inefficiency of the usual treatments, finding new strategies and methods for the medical treatment of epileptic patients are essential. henbane seed has been used in iranian traditional medicine as an anti-convulsion herb. with this regard the present study was carried out to consider the anti-convulsive effec...

for the first time, a spectrum of morphological abnormalities have been produced in developingmouse embryos (n=50), by injecting (ip) 75 and 100 mg/kg of maternal body weight of a new quinazolinonederivative, 4(3h)quinazolinone-2-propyl-2-phenylethyl(qppe), on days 9, 10 and 11 of gestation.measurements of the length of the crown-rump (cr), weight of body of the embryos and placenta on day 17sh...

in order to assess the immunopathological effects of aqueous echinacea purpurea extract (epe) on mice experimentally challenged with pasteurella multocida serotype a, forty female balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups. the groups included a control group (received sterile distilled water 2 times/week for 2 weeks, intraperitoneally and then 100 μl sterile saline intranasally), a pma...

background: dna immunization with plasmid dna encoding bacterial, viral, parasitic, and tumor antigens has been reported to trigger protective immunity. the use of plasmid dna vaccinations against many diseases has produced promising results in animal and human clinical trials; however, safety concerns about the use of dna vaccines exist, such as the possibility of integration into the host gen...

introduction: several investigations have indicated that dopamine d receptors could influence morphine 2 eward. the influence of olanzapine (a d dopamine receptor antagonist) on the morphine-induced conditioned 2 lace preference (cpp) in male and female mice was investigated in the present study. methods: the effects of olanzapine on the acquisition and expression of morphine cpp in male and fe...