Motivated by the remanufacturing systems at Daimler AG and other automobile, aerospace heavy machinery parts dealers/manufacturers, we develop a hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing system with controlled two-way substitution between new remanufactured products. We Markov decision processes for management on product-level as well component-level. show that optimal policy has switching-curve str...

Sometimes information in a network model is based on multi-agent, multi-attribute, multi-object, multi-polar information or uncertainty rather than a single bit. An m-polar fuzzy model is useful for such network models which gives more and more precision, flexibility, and comparability to the system as compared to the classical, fuzzy and bipolar fuzzy models. In this research article, we intro...

new product development (npd) is one of the key factors for achieving competitive advantage and maintaining firm growth. therefore, given the importance of this type of projects, this paper is an endeavor to make these projects more successful by effectively managing their risks in the conceptual design phase of new product development. for this purpose, a multi-objective model, with three obje...