To describe appropriate maternal and obstetrical indications for primary cesarean delivery. The list of potential indications is long. Among all maternal and obstetrical indications, labor dystocia is the most common; multifetal pregnancy and malpresentation are not infrequent. Maternal indications, including human immunodeficiency virus (with high viral load) and herpes simplex virus (with act...

OBJECTIVE Gastroschisis is a congenital malformation characterized by an abdominal wall defect located laterally to a normal umbilicus. The cause of gastroschisis is unknown, but most authors consider it exogenous. We describe the case of a woman with a twin pregnancy in which both twins had gastroschisis. CASE REPORT A 17-year-old primiparous female was referred to our institution because of...

The advances in reproductive technologies have changed the demographics of multifetal pregnancies. In the first trimester, ultrasound allows to diagnose the number of multiples, chorionicity and amnionicity, the presence or absence of nuchal translucency, early growth discordance, severe malformations and the origin of activities and contacts between multiples. In the second and third trimester...

Cigarette smoking adversely affects every organ system. Paradoxically, smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. We reviewed previous epidemiologic and clinical studies on the association between smoking and preeclampsia from 1959 to March, 2006. A total of 48 epidemiologic studies were identified. Overall, smoking during pregnancy reduces the risk of pre...

Objectives: In multifetal pregnancies abnormalities within the umbilical cord occur much more frequently than in single pregnancy. This may be related to the presence of intra-uterine congestion, which is observed in the case of simultaneous development of a greater number of fetuses. These abnormalities may be responsible, at least in some cases, for high rate of perinatal morbidity and mortal...

BACKGROUND Infection in pregnancy may be involved in the aetiology of pre-eclampsia. However, a clear association between acute maternal infection and pre-eclampsia has not been established. We assessed whether acute urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection, and antibiotic drug prescriptions in pregnancy (a likely proxy for maternal infection) are associated with an increased risk o...

Background: The first trimester begins on the day of last menstrual period (LMP) and lasts until end 12 weeks gestation. Transvaginal ultrasound is modality choice for establishing presence an intrauterine pregnancy in trimester. focus our study routine early ultrasound. purpose this was to diagnose various conditions at stage by using ultrasound.Methods: We conducted retrospective data analysi...

The objective of this study was to describe current obstetric, neonatal, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of higher order multifetal gestations (> or = 3 fetuses) in the 1990s. We also intended to identify a target gestational age at which neonatal and neurodevelopmental morbidities are low. Records from all multifetal pregnancies (> or = 3 viable fetuses > or = 20 weeks gestation) del...

Hypertensive disorders are among the most common complications in pregnancy and a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes of pregnancies in mothers with hypertensive disorders, as well as the adequacy of prenatal care during the wartime and postwar period in South-Western region of Bosnia and Herz...