The refractive-index contrast in dielectric multilayer structures, optical resonators, and photonic crystals is an important figure of merit that creates a strong demand for high-quality thin films with a low refractive index. A SiO2 nanorod layer with low refractive index of n = 1.08, to our knowledge the lowest ever reported in thin-film materials, is grown by oblique-angle electron-beam depo...

A reliable measurement of beam coherence is important for optimal performance of a number of coherence methods being utilized at third-generation synchrotrons and free-electron lasers. Various approaches have been proposed in the past for determining the source size, and hence the degree of coherence; however they often require complex setups with perfect optics and suffer from undefined uncert...

A new optic system that produces a monochromatic microbeam for both CuKα and CrKα radiation for X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been developed. Multilayer optics technology is a well-known tool to produce a monochromatic micro X-ray beam for XRD. This new optic was combined with a microfocus rotating anode X-ray generator and a cylindrical imaging plate detector to provide a complete dual wavelengt...

We systematically study a collection of refractive phenomena that can possibly occur at the interface of a two-dimensional photonic crystal, with the use of the wave vector diagram formalism. Cases with a single propagating beam (in the positive or the negative direction) as well as cases with birefringence were observed. We examine carefully the conditions to obtain a single propagating beam i...

Multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) made from WC and SiC were previously used to focus megahertz X-ray pulse trains of the European XFEL free-electron laser, but suffered damage with 30 pulses or longer at an incident fluence about 0.13 J/cm2 per pulse. Here, we present numerical simulations heating MLLs various designs, geometry material properties, that are exposed such trains. We find it should be...

cofe/cu multilayer nanowires were electrodeposited into anodic aluminum oxide templates prepared by a two-step mild anodization method, using the single-bath technique. nanowires with 30 nm diameter and the definite lengths were obtained. the effect of cofe layers thickness and annealing on the magnetic behavior of the multilayer nanowires was investigated. the layers thickness was controlled t...

We describe the distinction between the operation of a short focal length x-ray microscope forming a real image with a laboratory source (convergent illumination) and with a highly collimated intense beam from a synchrotron light source (Köhler illumination). We demonstrate the distinction with a Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope consisting of short focal length multilayer mirrors operating at an ene...

We systematically study a collection of refractive phenomena that can possibly occur at the interface of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with the use of the wave vector diagram formalism. Cases with a single propagating beam in the positive or negative direction as well as cases with birefringence were observed. We examine carefully the conditions to obtain a single propagating beam inside t...

Thin, stable and inert dielectric spacers are essential for manufacturing electronic devices based on 2D materials. However, direct synthesis top of materials is difficult due to their nature. In this work, we studied how an electron beam induces fragmentation borazine enables spatially confined amorphous-BNx graphene at room temperature. Using a combination X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Lo...

Encapsulation of cells has been an active area research. Among various methods for encapsulation, Layer-by-Layer (LbL) offers extensive flexibility in the design surfaces and their interfacial nanoarchitectonics. A diverse range functionalities have recently demonstrated cell encapsulation including protection improved circulation. Here, we present a new strategy hybrid coating containing LbL a...