BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk for age-related diseases and early mortality. An accelerated rate of biological aging could contribute to this increased risk. To investigate, we assessed leukocyte telomere length (LTL), an emerging marker of biological age, in men and women with and without PTSD. We also examined childhood trauma, a risk factor ...

Harm reduction is a new paradigm that seeks to reduce the harmful consequences of substance use and other risky behaviors without requiring abstinence. This article discusses integrative harm reduction psychotherapy, one application of harm reduction principles to psychotherapy. Seven therapeutic tasks are described with attention to clinical process, skills, and strategies. A case is presented...

Objective: To demonstrate the benefit of using multiple injury profiles (MIP) as an alternative to ‘‘primary diagnosis,’’ for the presentation and analysis of multiple injuries in populations. Methods: Retrospective analysis of national trauma registry data in Israel between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2002. Multiple diagnoses per patient were recorded. A primary diagnosis was selected for e...

traumatic injuries in the primary dentition pose major challenges for management. this emergency treatment requires proper planning so as to achieve favorable results. trauma causing severe dentoalveolar injuries, especially in children, needs an interdisciplinary approach so as to retain normal functional anatomy for that age. this article describes a clinical innovative technique, which utili...

Background: Chest X-rays (CXRs) are traditionally performed to determine intra-thoracic injuries in all blunt chest trauma patients in Shahid Bahonar hospital in Kerman. As there are some disadvantages upon CXR and radiation exposure, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of CXR in the diagnosis of intra-thoracic injuries caused by any blunt chest trauma. Me...

First of all, I thank the author of the Letter to the Editor for the comments made. The article referred to is no more and no less than a glimpse of the current situation of polytrauma patient care in Spain, which is not up to par with that of other countries, such as the United States. The ATLS method is likewise applicable to prehospital treatment (PHTLS), with certain nuances, but the method...

Multiple variables can influence triage decision in multiple trauma. Recognition of priorities and selection of the destination can be successfully achieved by field triage and individualized clinical judgment. This narrative review summarizes the new options and protocols for transport of injured subjects. There are four levels of emergency medical providers including first responders and thre...