background: toxoplasmosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases distributed worldwide. in order to determinate the involvement of poultry meat in clinical toxoplasmosis, this study aimed to genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in tissue samples of serologically positive chickens of tunisia using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). methods: trail of isolation of local t. gondii ...

background: cytochrome p450 2c19 (cyp2c19) is important in metabolism of wide range of drugs. cyp2c19*17 is a novel variant allele which increases gene transcription and therefore results in ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotype (urm). distribution of this variant allele has not been well studied worldwide. the aim of present study was to investigate allele and genotype frequencies of cyp2c19*17 in...

A 33-primer multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay was developed to identify Streptococcus agalactiae serotypes and surface protein antigen genes simultaneously. It was evaluated by using 551 clinical isolates. The mPCR/RLB assay was more sensitive than conventional serotyping, especially for protein antigen typing, but otherwise the results correlated well.

We developed a multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay to identify 50 uncommon pneumococcal serotypes. In combination with a previously described mPCR/RLB assay (3), all 90 pneumococcal serotypes can be identified individually (32 serotypes) or, because of predictable cross-reactions, to within small groups of two to five related serotypes (58 serotypes), which can be distinguish...

The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) on rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN) putative parvocellular neurons using whole cell patch-clamp recordings and single-cell reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (single-cell RT-mPCR) techniques. Under current clamp, CRF (10-600 nM) increased the neuronal basal firing rate and dep...

Clonality testing in lymphoid malignancies has become technically relatively easy to perform in routine laboratories using standardized multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocols for Ig/T-cell receptor (TCR) gene analysis. Expertise with clonality diagnostics and knowledge about the biology of Ig/TCR recombination are essential for correct interpretation of the Ig/TCR clonality data. Several...

The genes for Clostridium difficile toxins A and B (tcdA and tcdB) are part of a 19.6-kb pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) that includes the genes tcdD, tcdE, and tcdC. To determine whether the C. difficile PaLoc is a stable and conserved genetic unit in toxigenic strains, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze 50 toxigenic, 39 nontoxigenic, and 2 toxin-defective isolates. The resp...

The main aim of this study was to trace Campylobacter subtypes colonizing Italian broilers and carcasses in and between flocks. Overall, 209 Campylobacter isolates were collected from ceca (n = 94) and carcasses (n = 115) of broilers belonging to 3 different flocks reared in the same farm during subsequent rotations and processed in the same slaughterhouse. All isolates were identified by multi...

In this paper we describe a novel method for detecting many DNA fragments through efficient amplification by using an emulsion system based on "on-chip" PCR instead of conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During the preparation of on-chip PCR, a set of primers were immobilized on a slide and other sets were in an emulsion system. Different emulsion phase primers and other rel...

This article summarizes the most effective protocols to isolate Campylobacter spp. (mainly Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) from food, primarily poultry products, and includes a summary of the current methods recommended by the Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in the USA, and ISO in Europe. The recommended temperature for incubation of the samples ...