The article highlights issues related to determining the jurisdiction of disputes purchase goods, works and services meet state municipal needs. author comes conclusion that law enforcement practice positions highest courts Russian Federation confirm possibility considering arising from contracts supplies for needs in framework arbitration proceedings.

Incumbent malfeasance is a major challenge in many developing democracies. Our model suggests that electoral accountability requires a media market structure incentivizing local media to report incumbent malfeasance. We test the model’s implications in Mexico, leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in the pre-election release of municipal audits revealing misallocated spending and greater acc...

An increasing body of literature explores the role of transnational municipal networks (TMNs) in governing sustainable development. As associations, one key task of TMNs is to represent their members through production and dissemination of information and knowledge concerning municipal action for sustainable development. Case studies, often emphasising best practice, are used by many TMNs to fu...

Objectives Effluents contain a diverse abundance of antibiotic resistance genes that augment the resistome of receiving aquatic environments. However, uncertainty remains regarding their temporal persistence, transcription and response to anthropogenic factors, such as antibiotic usage. We present a spatiotemporal study within a river catchment (River Cam, UK) that aims to determine the contrib...

1 Department of Pediatric Hematology,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, NO.16, Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266003, P. R. China. 2 Department of Stomatology, Weihai municipal hospital, No.70, Heping Road, Shandong 264200, P. R. China. 3 Department of Pediatric Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266003,...

In recent years, cities are under increasing pressure to transform education, health care, transportation, civic engagement, public safety as well as other government services to maintain their competitiveness and improve citizen’s quality of life. This transformation is known as “smart city” initiatives. Broadband network infrastructure is an important underlying infrastructure for smart city ...

The City of Philadelphia adopted an ambitious broadband internet plan to provide the city with comprehensive wireless coverage. The decision to adopt this project involved a tradeoff between the benefit of high-speed service to all residents and cost of the project. The project represents breaking a relatively new ground, with few experiences of other government agencies to rely upon for guidan...

Leachate from a municipal battery recycling site is a potent source of mixed-metal released into the environment. The present study investigated the degree at which mixed-metal exposure to the municipal auto-battery leachate (MABL) and to the Elewi Odo municipal auto-battery recycling site leachate (EOMABRL) affected the lipid membrane of the testes in in vitro experiment. The results showed el...

1. Legal Documentation and its Sources Legal documentation seems to be particularly suitable for hypertext applications because it deals with texts which by their very nature are highly correlated, both explicitly and implicitly: legislation refer to other legislation, court decisions interpret legislation or refer to other decisions, legal authority comments both case law and legislation. Ther...

In the context of quality assurance for the emergency medical services in Bavaria a segmentation of the municipal areas is necessary. Such municipal subareas are not officially defined; however, official submunicipalities do exist as point information. On the basis of these points an algorithm, generating reasonable borders within the municipal areas, was developed and implemented using ArcPy. ...