[Purpose] The present study aimed to determine the changes in physical and balance performance following exercise-induced muscle damage using a sport-specific protocol. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen collegiate soccer players were asked to perform a sport-specific sprint protocol to induce muscle damage. The markers of muscle damage (soreness, range of motion, limb girth, muscle strength, creat...

INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle retains a large degree of phenotypic plasticity throughout the lifetime of an individual, allowing muscle to respond adaptively to changes in both the nature and intensity of muscle use. Hence, repeated bouts of resistance exercise produce compensatory growth (hypertrophy) of skeletal muscle, even late in life (Drummond et al., 2008), characterized by an increase in...

A promoter polymorphism of the osteopontin (OPN) gene (rs28357094) has been associated with multiple inflammatory states, severity of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and muscle size in healthy young adults. We sought to define the mechanism of action of the polymorphism, using allele-specific in vitro reporter assays in muscle cells, and a genotype-stratified intervention in healthy controls....

Concurrent strength and endurance training appears to inhibit strength development when compared with strength training alone. Our understanding of the nature of this inhibition and the mechanisms responsible for it is limited at present. This is due to the difficulties associated with comparing results of studies which differ markedly in a number of design factors, including the mode, frequenc...

Acute inflammatory responses are linked to a transient increase in risk of a cardiovascular event, and this risk may be mediated by a concomitant reduction in vascular function. Humans experience an acute inflammatory response as a consequence of infection, injury, or muscle damage. We measured macrovascular function before and after eccentric exercise to determine whether muscle damage from un...

Muscle strain injuries are some of the most frequent injuries in sports and command a great deal of attention in an effort to understand their etiology. These injuries may be the culmination of a series of subcellular events accumulated through repetitive lengthening (eccentric) contractions during exercise, and they may be influenced by a variety of variables including fiber strain magnitude, ...

This nonexhaustive mini-review reports on the application of eccentric exercise in various rehabilitation populations. The two defining properties of eccentric muscle contractions--a potential for high muscle-force production at an energy cost that is uniquely low--are revisited and formatted as exercise countermeasures to muscle atrophy, weakness, and deficits in physical function. Following a...

Boppart MD, Volker SE, Alexander N, Burkin DJ, Kaufman SJ. Exercise promotes 7 integrin gene transcription and protection of skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R1623–R1630, 2008. First published September 10, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00089.2008.—The 7 1 integrin is increased in skeletal muscle in response to injury-producing exercise, and transgenic overexpression of ...

AIMS We wished to quantify the extent of soft-tissue damage sustained during minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior (DA) and direct superior (DS) approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS In eight cadavers, the DA approach was performed on one side, and the DS approach on the other, a single brand of uncemented hip prosthesis was implanted by two surgeons, considered ex...

P- and E-selectins are expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and may contribute to neutrophil recruitment following injurious lengthening contractions of skeletal muscle. Blunting neutrophil, but not macrophage, accumulation after lengthening contractions may provide a therapeutic benefit as neutrophils exacerbate damage to muscle fibers, while macrophages promote repair. In this study,...