BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) may decrease muscle adaptability. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and miRNA are thought to play a role in muscle hypertrophy but it is unclear if IR may affect their regulation. METHODS Soleus muscles of lean Zucker (LZ) and insulin resistant obese Zucker (OZ) rats were overloaded for 7 or 21 days and subjected to immun...

Heavy metals have been reported to negative impacts on the histology of fishes. In this study, impact heavy metal bioaccumulation gills, muscle and liver Oreochromis niloticus from Opa Igun reservoirs was determined by histological methods. This with a view checking for possible alterations fish organs. Live samples were collected identified in laboratory. Histological analyses carried out orga...

In diverticular disease of the colon the muscle wall is sometimes found to be thickened, and Arfwidsson and Lehmann (1964) consider that this increased thickness is due to hypertrophy of the muscle, which precedes the appearance of the diverticula. However, in a post-mortem series (Slack, 1962) it wasshown that bowel muscle thickening was associated with diverticula in only two out of 26 specim...

A mild to moderate adaptive hypertrophy of a cardiac chamber may be beneficial in increasing the capacity of the heart to cope with an increased work-load. However, in pathological hypertrophy the myocardial muscle cell can hypertrophy to such an extent that myocardial performance deteriorates [ 11. To devise a medical treatment that could modify or even prevent the occurrence of adaptive cardi...

Recently we reported that the contractile agonist angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (Geisterfer AAT, Peach MJ, Owens GK: Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1988;62:749-756). We have further explored the hypothesis that contractile agonists are important regulators...

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important autocrine/paracrine mediator of skeletal-muscle growth and development. To develop a definitive cultured cell model of skeletal-muscle hypertrophy, C2C12 cells were stably transfected with IGF-I and clonal lines developed and evaluated. Quantitative morphometric analysis showed that IGF-I-transfected myotubes had a larger area (2381+/-60 micr...

An increasingly popular method for post-operative rehabilitation of an ACL reconstruction, as a substitute for traditionaltherapy, is blood flow restriction therapy (BFR). BFR therapy utilizes a pneumatic cuff to simulate strenuous exercisein an effort to stimulate muscle recruitment, mitigate atrophy, and promote hypertrophy in patients with load-bearinglimitations. Because t...

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a beneficial adaptation for many individuals. The metabolic basis for muscle hypertrophy is the balance between the rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB), i.e. net muscle protein balance (NMPB = MPS - MPB). Resistance exercise potentiates the response of muscle to protein ingestion for up to 24 h following the exercise bout. In...