Detailed structural analyses of the mushroom body which plays critical roles in olfactory learning and memory revealed that it is directly connected with multiple primary sensory centers in Drosophila. Connectivity patterns between the mushroom body and primary sensory centers suggest that each mushroom body lobe processes information on different combinations of multiple sensory modalities. Th...

bachground: toxic plants are an important reason for poisoning. the responsible plants are variable in different geographic spots. some areas such as lorestan province have more variety in herbal plants because of geographic condition. because of high poisoning incidence with toxic plants and mushroom, we assessed the incidence of poisoning with mushroom and toxic plants (tattore and ricinus co...

ashkan kavyani1, ahmad zare shahne1, javad pourreza1, sayed mohammad ali jalali haji-abadi1, mohsen nikkhah2, nasir landy 3*  1- department of animal science, shahrekord branch, islamic azad university, shahrekord, iran 2 -department of animal science, faculty of agriculture, university of guilan, iran 3-young researchers and elite club, khorasgan branch, islamic azad university, isfahan, iran ...

conclusions all plants could inhibit mushroom tyrosinase, but more investigations on human tyrosinase and clinical studies are needed. results the hydroalcoholic extract of p. alkekengi showed the most tyrosinase inhibitory effect with ic50 of 0.09 mg/ml vs. 0.38, 0.38 and 2.82 mg/ml of b. persicum, a. rosea and m. vulgare, respectively. m. vulgare exhibited uncompetitive inhibition and other p...

The memory of odors in Drosophila is mediated by mushroom body neurons. Memory is formed, in part, by a modulation of the physiology of these neurons brought about by neuropeptides that are encoded by the amnesiac gene and released from peptidergic neurons that innervate mushroom body neurons. Slow and spontaneous oscillations of calcium levels are elevated in the mushroom body neurons of amnes...

INTRODUCTION Mushroom-shaped choroidal melanoma is known to be associated with breaks in Bruch's membrane and is more likely to develop when Bruch's membrane is diseased. The study's goal is to determine if diseases causing breaks in Bruch's membrane predispose a choroidal melanoma to develop into a mushroom-shaped melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of cases of choroidal m...

The role of brain size as a cost of learning remains enigmatic; the nature and timing of such costs is particularly uncertain. On one hand, comparative studies suggest that congenitally large brains promote better learning and memory. In that case, brain size exacts a global cost that accrues even if learning does not take place; on the other hand, some developmental studies suggest that brains...

The toxicity of two mushroom species found in Finland, Cortinarius speciosissimus and Cortinarius gentilis, on the rat was studied. Dried, homogenized mushroom was given orally by stomach tubing. A dose of 500 mg dried mushroom/kg body weight, was used. It was demonstrated that both species caused renal damage. No damage could be shown in other organs. The renal histopathological changes corres...

Drosophila melanogaster can make appropriate choices among alternative flight options on the basis of the relative salience of competing visual cues. We show that this choice behavior consists of early and late phases; the former requires activation of the dopaminergic system and mushroom bodies, whereas the latter is independent of these activities. Immunohistological analysis showed that mush...

Introduction Linzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) is a well-known medicinal mushroom. This mushroom originated from China becomes the widely used supplementation worldwide. The active ingredient in the mushroom is mentioned for anti-oxidative, glucose controlling and anti-cancerous proliferative activities (1,2). In nephrology, the advantage of Linzhi on kidney is also mentioned. However, the evidence in...