Polymers are nowadays actively used in numerous applications owing their low cost and optimized structural properties. Besides, the miniaturization of the novel materials down to nano and even atomic scale needs the use of Electron Microscopy techniques both for imaging and structuring abilities. When used for surface modification, electrons and ions allow altering the surface properties toward...

Based on the constraint and position identification (CPI) approach for synthesizing XYZ compliant parallel mechanisms (CPMs) and configuration modifications, this paper proposes a new fully-symmetrical XYZ CPM with desired motion characteristics such as reduced cross-axis coupling, minimized lost motion, and relatively small parasitic motion. The good motion characteristics arise from not only ...

Diffraction is a natural phenomenon, which occurs when waves propagate or encounter an obstacle. Diffraction is also a fundamental aspect of modern optics: all imaging systems are diffraction systems. However, like a coin has two sides, diffraction also leads to some unfavorable effects, such as an increase in the size of a beam during propagation, and a limited minimal beam size after focusing...

Conical diffraction of linearly polarised light in a biaxial crystal produces a beam with a crescent-shaped intensity profile. Rotation of the plane of polarisation produces the unique effect of spatially moving the crescent-shaped beam around a ring. We use this effect to trap microspheres and white blood cells and to position them at any angular position on the ring. Continuous motion around ...

The impetus of this study is to investigate the chaotic behavior of a size-dependent nano-beam with double-sided electrostatic actuation, incorporating surface energy effect and intermolecular interactions. The geometrically nonlinear beam model is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam assumption. The influence of the small-scale and the surface energy effect are modeled by implementing the consistent ...

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light, as an emerging hotspot in optics and photonics, introduces many degrees of freedom for applications ranging from optical communication and quantum processing to micromanipulation. To achieve a high degree of integration, optical circuits for OAM light are essential, which are, however, challenging in the optical regime owing to the lack of well-devel...

In recent days, the micro/nano machining becomes an important process to fabricate micro/nano scale dimensional patterns or devices for many applications, especially in electrical and electronic devices. There are two kinds micro-machining in use. i) bulk micromachining, ii) surface micro-maching. In the case of bulk micromaching, the structures can be made by etching inside a substrate selecti...

A method to perform nano-beam diffraction (NBD) in a transmission electron microscope with high spatial resolution and low convergence angle is proposed. It is based on the use of a properly fabricated condenser aperture of 1 micron in diameter, which allows an electron beam about 10 nm in size to be focused on the sample, with a convergence angle in the 0.1 mrad range. Examples of NBD patterns...

The authors study plasmonic enhancements of photoluminescence (PL) in Si nanodisk (ND) arrays hybridized with nanostructures such as nanoplates of Au, where these hybrid nanostructures are fabricated by fully top-down lithography: neutral-beam etching using bio-nano-templates and high-resolution electron-beam lithography. The separation distance between the Si ND and Au nanostructure surfaces i...

Parallel frequency readout of an array of cantilevers is demonstrated using optical beam deflection with a single laser-diode pair. Multi-frequency addressing makes the individual nanomechanical response of each cantilever distinguishable within the received signal. Addressing is accomplished by exciting the array with the sum of all cantilever resonant frequencies. This technique requires cons...