The Tao brush is a small flexible brush used in TruTest Endometrial Biopsy. Endometrial tissue to a depth of 1.5–2 mm can be collected. It gently brushes the entire inside of the uterus so as to gather a more complete sampling of the endometrium and is less painful than the traditional method [1]. It covers a wide area of the endometrial surface. Therefore, small lesions are less likely to be m...

BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to increase intestinal absorptive surface area and transport function in normal animals. AIMS To examine the effect of EGF on absorptive surface area and brush border membrane function in a model of massive small bowel resection. METHODS New Zealand white rabbits were randomised into two groups: a resected group (60% proximal small bow...

The adsorption of long flexible macromolecules by polymer brush-coated surfaces is studied by molecular dynamics simulations and by calculations using density functional and self-consistent field theories. The case of repulsive interactions between the substrate surface and the monomers of both the brush polymers and the extra chains that can get absorbed into the brush is considered. Under goo...

It is known that the administration of parathyroid hormone to dogs results in phosphaturia and decreased phosphate transport in brush-border vesicles isolated from the kidneys of those dogs. Parathyroid hormone has been shown to activate adenylate cyclase at the basal-lateral membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell. It has been postulated that parathyroid hormone-induced phosphaturia is eff...

Conformations of a single-component bottle-brush polymer with a fully flexible backbone under poor solvent conditions are studied by molecular dynamics simulations, using a coarse-grained bead-spring model with side chains of up to N = 40 effective monomers. By variation of the solvent quality and the grafting density σ with which side chains are grafted onto the flexible backbone, we study for...

By controlling nanoparticle flocculation and deposition, polymer coatings strongly affect nanoparticle fate, transport, and subsequent biological impact in the environment. Biodegradation is a potential route to coating breakdown, but it is unknown whether surface-bound polymers are bioavailable. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that polymer coatings covalently bound to nanomaterials ar...

We present a facile microfluidic method for forming narrow chemical gradients in polymer brushes. Co-flow of an alkylating agent solution and a neat solvent in a microfluidic channel forms a diffusion-driven concentration gradient, and thus a gradient in reaction rate at the interface of the two flows, leading to a quaternization gradient in the underlying poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacryla...

We describe a simple route to fabricate two dimensionally well-ordered, periodic nanopatterns using the self-assembly of brush block copolymers (brush BCPs). Well-developed lamellar microdomains oriented perpendicular to the substrate are achieved, without modification of the underlying substrates, and structures with feature sizes greater than 200 nm are generated due to the reduced degree of ...

Techniques for interactive brushing, as found in multivariate data visualization systems, can be categorized as either screen-space or data-space. Screen-space techniques consider a brush to be a 2dimensional shape (usually a rectangle) which can be used to select points which map to a particular region of the display. Data-space techniques assume the brush has as many dimensions as the data se...

The coordinated control of Ca2+ signaling is essential for development in eukaryotes. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) family members mediate Ca2+ influx from cellular stores in plants (Charpentier et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2016; Frietsch et al., 2007; Urquhart et al., 2007). Here, we report the unusual genetic behavior of a quantitative gain-of-function CNGC mutation (brush) in Lotus jap...