Metamaterials are engineered composite media with unconventional electromagnetic and optical properties. They can be formed by embedding sub-wavelength inclusions as "artificial molecules" in host media in order to exhibit specific desired response functions that are not readily available in nature, but physically realizable. These metamaterials have exciting characteristics in manipulating and...

The soft lithographic technique is a collection of simple and cost-effective patterning techniques which applies an elastomeric stamp to transfer a nano/micro-scale pattern. Patterning biological materials using soft lithography provides procedurally simple control of the surface chemistry and the cell environments. However, conventional methods for generating microstructures on a substrate req...

We propose a completely new concept [1,2] for a future lithography (see Fig. 1a) based on an array of single photon sources which has the potential to simultaneously decrease structure size and to greatly simplify nanostructure realization. Single photon sources can controllably produce a train of single photons with the appropriate energy needed for photochemical reactions in polymer systems c...

Writing process patterns directly on a substrate with small liquid droplets generated by Drop-On-Demand (DOD) inkjet devices offers a low cost, non-contact, low temperature, flexible, and data driven patterning approach. Existing inkjet printheads have a limited number of inkjet devices, which generate droplets on the scale of tens of microns. In our research, we have developed a monolithic ink...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an increasingly accepted modality of renal replacement therapy. It provides the advantages of having a flexible lifestyle, stable hemodynamics, and better preservation of residual renal function. To enhance our understanding of the peritoneal dialysate of diabetes mellitus (DM), peritoneal dialysate proteins were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE...

Tensile tests were performed in situ on an ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-Mg alloy using a micro-tensile module in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micro-strain evolution was tracked and measured using digital image correlation (DIC). A fine random speckle pattern was required to achieve high resolution and accuracy of strain measurement using DIC. To produce the speckle pattern, a pattern...