To estimate reliability of self-reported compliance with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), we studied 63 OSA patients aged 53.7 +/- 1.2 years (mean +/- SEM) with an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of 50.8 +/- 2.9 and lowest sleep SaO2 of 65.6 +/- 2.3 percent receiving nasal CPAP for 539 +/- 44 days. During a follow-up polysomnography (PSG) on...

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have decreased long-term survival. Treatment of OSA with either nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or tracheostomy improves survival, but the effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on survival is unclear. We attempted to contact all patients with OSA treated with either UPPP or nasal CPAP over a 6-year period to compare long-term sur...

In a randomised crossover trial, 26 babies, treated with Hudson prong continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from a bubbling bottle, received vigorous, high amplitude, or slow bubbling for 30 minutes. Pulse oximetry, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate were recorded. The bubbling rates had no effect on carbon dioxide, oxygenation, or respiratory rate.

A bench study using an artificial lung model was performed to evaluate the snoring detection sensitivity of six (commercially available) auto-nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) devices. Snoring was simulated by a loudspeaker connected to the lung model and abruptly activated during 1 s of each inspiratory period to induce pressure oscillation. The oscillation frequencies chosen w...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined by quantifying apneas and hypopneas along with symptoms suggesting sleep disruption. Subtler forms of sleep-disordered breathing can be missed when this criteria is used. Newer technologies allow for non-invasive detection of flow limitation, however consensus classification is needed. Subjects with flow limitation demonstrate electroencephalogram change...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the abnormal ventilatory drive in hypercapnic patients with the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Six patients with hypercapnic OSAS (Group I) and 24 patients with eucapnic OSAS (Group II) were studied. All patients had arterial blood gas analysis, overnight sleep studies, and an ...

We describe a method for generating and presenting olfactory stimuli in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies for humans. The olfactometer is based on principles of air dilution olfactometry and consists of a nasal mask and a nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure device, both normally used for patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The system allows online ...

The key feature of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the insufficient production of surfactant in the lungs of preterm infants. As a result, researchers have looked into the possibility of surfactant replacement therapy as a means of preventing and treating RDS. We sought to identify the role of surfactant in the prevention and management of RDS, comparing the various types, doses, and mod...

Patients with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) treated by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) need to use CPAP long-term to prevent recurrence of symptoms. It is thus important to clarify the level of long-term CPAP use and the factors influencing long-term use. We examined determinants of objective CPAP use in 1, 211 consecutive patients with SAHS who were prescribed a CPA...

BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with ventilation and oxygen treatment. This randomized trial investigated whether nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), rather than intubation and ventilation, shortly after birth would reduce the rate of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. METHODS We randomly assigned 610 infants who were born at 25-to-2...