Towards understanding the molecular epidemiology of a severe dog rabies epidemic in the KwaZulu Natal province of South Africa, we analyzed a variable 592 nucleotide genome sequence domain of 170 rabies viruses from KwaZulu Natal and surrounding regions. Viruses from the KwaZulu Natal and Eastern Cape provinces belonged to a unique lineage, circulating as two independent and expanding epidemiol...

Normal eruption of primary teeth into the oral cavity begins at about 6 months of child’s age. Teeth that erupt prematurely have occasionally been reported in the medical and dental literature and have been referred to as congenital teeth, foetal teeth, pre-deciduous teeth and dentitio praecox. The most affected teeth are lower central incisors and only 1-10% of them are supernumerary teeth. Th...

Sharks are a globally threatened group of marine fishes that often breed in their natal region of origin. There has even been speculation that female sharks return to their exact birthplace to breed ('natal philopatry'), which would have important conservation implications. Genetic profiling of lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) from 20 consecutive cohorts (1993-2012) at Bimini, Bahamas, sho...

Important factors involved in odontogenesis in mouse dental papillae disappear between the pre- and post-natal stages of development. Therefore, we hypothesized that certain genes involved in odontogenesis in dental papillae were subject to pre-/post-natal down-regulation. Our goal was to identify, by microarray analysis, which genes were down-regulated. Dental papillae were isolated from embry...

Honeybees learn the spatial relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and the landscape immediately surrounding their nest, which allows bees to locate the sun under overcast skies by reference to the landscape alone. Surprisingly, when bees have been transplanted from their natal landscape to a rotated twin landscape - such as from one treeline to a similar but differently oriented tr...

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A 4-day-old male baby presented with congenitally erupted two teeth on lower jaw since birth resulting in difficulty in breast feeding. Oral examination showed ulceratio...

Multiple functional queens in a colony (polygyny) and multiple mating by queens (polyandry) in social insects challenge kin selection, because they dilute inclusive fitness benefits from helping. Colonies of the ant Plagiolepis pygmaea brash contain several hundreds of multiply mated queens. Yet, within-colony relatedness remains unexpectedly high. This stems from low male dispersal, extensive ...